Results 151 to 160 of about 41,349 (201)

Composition Measurements of the Topside Ionosphere

Science, 1967
Data from a magnetic mass spectrometer flown on the Explorer 31 satellite show that the ionosphere above 1000 kilometers usually consists of hydrogen ions as the predominant species. Between this altitude and perigee (500 kilometers) the dominant ion species shifts to atomic oxygen, with a significant amount of atomic nitrogen ions also present. Helium
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Topside ionosphere at sunrise

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1971
The sunrise behavior of the midlatitude topside ionosphere at low sunspot numbers was examined by using Alouette 1 electron density and plasma scale height profiles obtained at Stanford University during May and June 1963. Under the assumption that observed variations result from solar control, the data were averaged to form height profiles of plasma ...
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Topside Ionosphere as seen by Swarm GPS

2019
As a result of the coupling between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere-ionosphere system, plasma density irregularities are often developed in the polar ionosphere, which in turn can severely degrade satellite-based positioning and communication systems.
Schreiter, L. ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-7360, Arnold, D., Stolle, C., Jäggi, A.   +3 more
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Ionospheric Topside Sounding

Science, 1966
Over the past few years, the satellite topside sounders have significantly contributed to the understanding of the upper ionosphere. A great quantity of radio echo data has been accumulated, from which the ionospheric electron-density distribution can be determined.
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On changes in composition of the topside ionosphere

Reviews of Geophysics, 1965
The relative concentrations of the three ions O+, He+, and H+ in the topside ionosphere (ionosphere above the F2 maximum) are subject to variations of different periodicities. It would appear from previous work that the solar cycle variation can be described approximately in terms of models in which it is assumed that the ions and electrons are in a ...
Charles M. Rush, S. V. Venkateswaran
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Topside sounding of the earth's ionosphere

Space Science Reviews, 1968
The evolution of topside sounding through rocket and satellite experiments is reviewed. Topside sounding has proved valuable for revealing the structure of the high ionosphere and for investigating the resonance properties of a magnetoplasma. The limits of our present knowledge of these rapidly developing subjects are discussed.
J.H. Chapman, E.S. Warren
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Transequatorial diffusion in the topside ionosphere

Planetary and Space Science, 1967
Abstract An estimate is made of the rate at which plasma diffuses along field lines in the topside ionosphere, using a simplified model. It appears that diffusion can, within hours, remove north-south asymmetry in the electron distribution in the equatorial F2-layer.
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Diffusive equilibrium in the topside ionosphere

Proceedings of the IEEE, 1969
Diffusive equilibrium is an idealized concept, representing a limiting case of the continuity equation for charged particles in the ionosphere. Since plasma diffusion can proceed rather rapidly above the F 2 peak, the plasma density distribution in the topside ionosphere can, in general, be approximated by a diffusive equilibrium distribution.
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Topside irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1977
Abstract This paper is a brief review of ionospheric irregularities in the equatorial topside ionosphere. Results from topside sounders, direct measurement satellites, and the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar are discussed. Scintillation observations and theories of irregularities are not discussed in detail as these are the subject of other review
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Exospheric models of the topside ionosphere

Space Science Reviews, 1974
The historical evolution of the study of escape of light gases from planetary atmospheres is delineated, and the application of kinetic theory to the ionsphere is discussed. Ionospheric plasma becomes collisionless above the ion-exobase which is located near 1000 km altitude in the trough and polar regions, and which coincides with the plasmapause at ...
Lemaire, J., Scherer, M.
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