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Ionospheric irregularities observed by topside sounders
Proceedings of the IEEE, 1969Topside sounders observe electron-density irregularities in the ionosphere with dimensions of hundreds of meters to many kilometers across the magnetic field. Most irregularities are elongated and may extend thousands of kilometers along the field. The variation of electron density is normally a few percent or less.
W. Calvert, J.M. Warnock
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The topside ionosphere during geomagnetic storms
Proceedings of the IEEE, 1969The state of knowledge of ionospheric storms in the topside ionosphere is reviewed. Although much remains to be understood concerning ionospheric storms, many of the storm-time phenomena can be interpreted in terms of drift motions produced by storm-time currents, and by ambipolar diffusion.
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Storms and the seasonal anomaly in the topside ionosphere
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1973Abstract Data from the Alouette-I topside sounder have been used to study the height and latitudinal electron distributions during the seasonal anomaly and during ionosphere storms. It is shown that in the daytime topside ionosphere, disturbance effects having similar features to those of the seasonal anomaly occur mainly during the main phase of ...
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Statistical Models of Ionospheric Variability and Irregularities in the Topside Ionosphere
The Earth’s ionosphere can be driven by the Sun, the solar wind, the magnetosphere, as well as the neutral atmosphere. These drivers influence the ionosphere on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The ionosphere is highly dependent on the driving processes and is highly dynamic.Alan Wood +10 more
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The density of O2+ ions in the topside ionosphere
Planetary and Space Science, 1970Abstract Over a significant range of altitude in the topside ionosphere the drift velocity of O 2+ ions is controlled by the motion of the dominant O + ions because the diffusion coefficient is too small to permit the doubly-charged ions to diffuse relative to the ambient plasma. Since it is not very likely that chemical recombination of O 2+ ions
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On the Topside Ionosphere Over the American Continents
Radio Science, 1966Preliminary results of an extensive investigation of the topside ionosphere over the North and South American continents are presented. The required data are obtained through the reduction and analysis of a large number of Alouette I topside ionograms. Illustrative examples of typical latitudinal variations (from 80° N to 80° S geographic latitudes or ...
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The HF Environment in the Topside Ionosphere
1981 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1981Charles M. Rush, Arthur D. Spaulding
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A Review of Electrostatic Waves in the Topside Ionosphere
1983The observations of electrostatic waves in the topside ionosphere are reviewed with emphasis on those modes in which ions participate.
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