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The Future of Toxicity Testing
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2010In 2007, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) released a report, "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy," that proposes a paradigm shift for toxicity testing of environmental agents. The vision is based on the notion that exposure to environmental agents leads to adverse health outcomes through the perturbation of toxicity ...
Melvin E, Andersen +4 more
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Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Testing
CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 1984The pharmacokinetic basis for the design of toxicity tests is discussed with reference to the absorption and clearance of drugs. The absorption and clearance of a wide range of drugs by laboratory animals and man has been examined and reviewed to provide a firm basis against which new drugs can be compared.
Bruce Clark +2 more
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Autoimmunity and toxicity testing
Toxicology Letters, 2000Major difficulties when addressing autoimmunity today within the context of regulatory toxicology are the following: (i) the incidence of auto-immunity related to chemical exposure is not known; (ii) the mechanisms involved are not understood in most instances; and (iii) no fully validated models are available.
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Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials
2012The large-scale production and consumer exposure to a variety of nanotechnology innovations has stirred interest concerning the health consequences of human exposure to nanomaterials. In order to investigate these questions, in vitro systems are used to rapidly and inexpensively predict the effects of nanomaterials at the cellular level.
Amanda M, Schrand +3 more
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Nature, 1965
CERTAIN types of hazard consequent on the administration of chemical substances are estimated by the performance of chronic toxicity tests. Such tests are usually designed according to certain empirical rules. Groups of animals (commonly three) are given a test substance in regularly repeated doses of constant size, each group receiving a different ...
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CERTAIN types of hazard consequent on the administration of chemical substances are estimated by the performance of chronic toxicity tests. Such tests are usually designed according to certain empirical rules. Groups of animals (commonly three) are given a test substance in regularly repeated doses of constant size, each group receiving a different ...
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Toxicity Testing, Alternatives
2005Since the early 1980s, public perception of the value of (and benefits from) animal testing has been strongly influenced by what is now called the animal rights movement. This concern has done a great deal of good because it has caused careful consideration of why and how testing is performed, with significant alterations being made in practices across
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Toxicity Testing, Reproductive
2005Abstract Reproductive toxicity evaluations encompass embryo/fetal development in utero, secondary and tertiary sex characteristics, sexual behavior and performance in both sexes, and pregnancy, parturition, lactation, and other maternal behaviors in females.
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2020
This chapter reviews toxicity testing. The testing of the toxicity profile of a potential drug candidate is a vital component of drug development. Toxicological studies are usually carried out at the same time as other aspects of drug development as, if any significant toxicity problems are detected, further development of the drug can be stopped ...
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This chapter reviews toxicity testing. The testing of the toxicity profile of a potential drug candidate is a vital component of drug development. Toxicological studies are usually carried out at the same time as other aspects of drug development as, if any significant toxicity problems are detected, further development of the drug can be stopped ...
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Toxicity Testing, Carcinogenesis
2005Carcinogenicity testing in experimental animals is typically done under conditions that maximize the potential for detecting an effect. The scientific ideal is to evaluate a chemical’s carcinogenic potential from human data. While controlled exposure studies for carcinogenesis are not ethical, information can sometimes be obtained from epidemiology ...
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Toxicity Testing, Sensitization
2005A variety of assays have been validated for the detection of skin sensitizers. Most of the assays are in vivo assays, which take into account interactions of the complex immune system of animals. Guidelines have been issued for the conduct of a variety of skin sensitization assays.
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