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The Meaning of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock
Muqarnas, 1988archaeological evidence that, during the reigns of the four Orthodox Caliphs and the early Umayyads, a few communal buildings were constructed in the capital Medina and later Damascus, and in the new settlements or garrison towns (amsdr) in Syria, Iraq, and Egypt, but we know very little about their plans, structures, and construction materials.
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Between 644 and 750 ce, the Umayyad branch of the Prophet Muhammad’s tribe of Quraysh presided over the expansion of the first Islamic empire. Control over the former lands of Rome and Iran in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent was consolidated, while new conquests were made in North Africa, the Mediterranean, the Caucasus, Iran, and Central and South Asia.
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Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1960
The Shī'ite revolts against the Umayyads may be said to have begun in 671. Immediately after his father's death in 661, al-Ḥasan had made an unsuccessful attempt to resist Mu'āwiyah, and had then retired to a life of luxury in Medina. Ten years later there was an abortive revolt in Kūfah led by Ḥujr b. ‘Adī al-Kindī.
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The Shī'ite revolts against the Umayyads may be said to have begun in 671. Immediately after his father's death in 661, al-Ḥasan had made an unsuccessful attempt to resist Mu'āwiyah, and had then retired to a life of luxury in Medina. Ten years later there was an abortive revolt in Kūfah led by Ḥujr b. ‘Adī al-Kindī.
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1970
When in 75o the ‘Abbāsids signalized their accession by a general massacre of the members of the house of Umayyah,1one of the very few who escaped was ‘Abd-al-Raḥmān ibn-Mu‘āwiyah,2 a grandson of Hishām, the tenth caliph of Damascus. The story of the narrow escape of this twenty-year-old youth and of his five years’ wandering in disguise through ...
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When in 75o the ‘Abbāsids signalized their accession by a general massacre of the members of the house of Umayyah,1one of the very few who escaped was ‘Abd-al-Raḥmān ibn-Mu‘āwiyah,2 a grandson of Hishām, the tenth caliph of Damascus. The story of the narrow escape of this twenty-year-old youth and of his five years’ wandering in disguise through ...
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