Results 111 to 120 of about 230,298 (298)
Business, Management and Economics EngineeringPurpose – This study was conducted to understand the potential of cashless subsidy to reduce illegal underground economy activity in Indonesia. Research methodology – The research was done through a qualitative approach then analyzed based on the ...
Joshi Maharani Wibowo, Sugeng Hariadi
doaj +1 more source
SIZE AND IMPLICATION OF UNDERGROUND ECONOMY IN ROMANIA - A MIMIC APPROACH [PDF]
Since the economic crisis affected the real economy in Romania, the official GDPdeclined by almost 5 percent in 2009 compared with 2008, 1.3 percent in 2010 against the previousyear and unemployment increased too.
Andrei Stefanescu, Corina - Maria Ene
core
Official Regulations and the Shadow Economy: A Labour Market Approach [PDF]
, 2002 This work revisits the role of regulations in emergence o f the shadow economy. In particular, it supplements the previous theoretical research that mainly ignored the fact that the decision to “go underground” is essentially a result of both employers ...
Bouev, Maxim
core
Deep Underground Science and Engineering, EarlyView.An experimental device for physical simulation of hydraulic fracturing, comprising: a load‐bearing mechanism with multiple interconnected plates that collectively form an sample chamber; a load‐generating mechanisms, with multiple load‐generating mechanisms arranged within the experimental chamber.
Delei Shang +5 more
wiley +1 more source
The Underground Economy in the Late 1990s: Evading Taxes, or Evading Competition? [PDF]
This paper studies the driving forces behind the considerable expansion of the underground economy during the late 1990s. I propose a novel explanation for this phenomenon: the sharp increase in market competition worldwide, which reduces prices and ...
Liliane Karlinger
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Deep Underground Science and Engineering, EarlyView.This paper explores how climate‐resilient technologies, such as smart grids, digital twins, and self‐healing materials, can enhance urban resilience. It highlights the urgent need for proactive planning, public‐private collaboration, and data‐driven innovation to future‐proof underground infrastructure amid accelerating climate and urban pressures ...
Kai Chen Goh +12 more
wiley +1 more source
A short note on business cycles of underground output: are they asymmetric? [PDF]
This short note as the first study investigates the symmetry of fluctuations of underground output around trend for four selected Southeast Asian countries, that is, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Philippines, over the time horizon of 1970-2006.
Chin-Yoong Wong, Yoke-Kee Eng
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Deep Underground Science and Engineering, EarlyView.The evolution of the temperature field and frozen wall under different fracture conditions was examined by an artificial ground freezing‐based thermal‐hydraulic coupled model. It was observed that fracture inclination affects the interaction extent of freezing pipes and fracture, while phase transition extent is the dominant factor for heat transfer in
Chenyi Zhang +9 more
wiley +1 more source
Estimation of the Black Economy of Pakistan through the Monetary Approach [PDF]
In the recent years the “black economy” has held immense attraction for academics as well as policy-makers. This is because the presence of the black economy is responsible for distortions in the official estimates of macro-economic variables like income
Mehnaz Ahmed, Qazi Masood Ahmed
core
Deep Underground Science and Engineering, EarlyView.B1 is bord width 1, B2 is bord width 2, L is the pillar length, W is the pillar width, red color and letter A represent the pillars, and white color and number 1 represent excavated areas. Pstress is the average pillar stress; σv is the vertical component of the virgin stress, MPa; and e is the areal extraction ratio. e = B o B o + B P ${\rm{e}}=\frac{{
Tawanda Zvarivadza +4 more
wiley +1 more source