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Cash, hoarding and the underground economy [PDF]

, 2011
We further refine the Modified-Cash-Deposits-Ratio (MCDR) approach, developed by Pickhardt and Sardà (2011, 2012) with a view to analyze size and causes of the cash using section of the underground economy. Among other things, we address the issue of cash hoarding.
Michael Pickhardt, Jordi Sardà
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The Underground Economy in Japan

Japanese Economic Studies, 1986
The underground economy and underground money have become popular terms in newspapers and magazines. This interest has resulted from the suspension of the Green Card system† before the law that had been adopted in the spring of 1980 was implemented due to the tenacious opposition of political and financial sectors.
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Underground Economies in Transition

2019
This work examines the crucial role played by unofficial and underground activities in the transitional economies of Central and Eastern Europe and new independent states. Countries undergoing radical transformations from socialism to capitalism experience fundamental changes in institutional rules governing property rights, government regulations ...
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The Digital Underground Economy

2019
It could be suggested that the dangers we have encountered so far were relatively harmless. But now we dive deep into the underground and find the dark corners of the cyberworld where criminals thrive. Down there in the underworld, we no longer have to deal with amateur hackers boasting about how many websites they’ve accessed.
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Underground space, the legal governance of a critical resource in circular economy

Resources Policy, 2021
Maria Hámor-Vidó, Tamás Hamor
exaly  

Underground Economy

2023
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The underground economy in Romania [PDF]

, 2011
The actual economic crisis has a major impact on the underground economy because of tax burden increase especially. This study realizes an analysis of the major implications of the economic crises on the size and the consequences of the underground activities.
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Inflation and the underground economy [PDF]

, 2006
This paper studies the optimal rate of seigniorage in an economy characterized by decentralized trade and a tax-evading underground sector. The economy has buyers, some of whom visit the formal market, while others visit the underground market. I find that the optimal rate of inflation depends on which of the two sectors, formal or underground, is more
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Underground Economy

2008
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The hard shadow of the Greek economy: new estimates of the size of the underground economy and its fiscal impact

Applied Economics, 2014
Wolfram Berger, Aloys Prinz
exaly