Results 271 to 280 of about 277,643 (313)
Some of the next articles are maybe not open access.
THE EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Annual Review of Immunology, 2006Approximately 500 mya two types of recombinatorial adaptive immune systems appeared in vertebrates. Jawed vertebrates generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish assemble their variable lymphocyte receptors through recombinatorial usage of ...
Zeev, Pancer, Max D, Cooper
openaire +2 more sources
Adaptation, learning and evolution
1998 Second International Conference. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Electronic Systems. Proceedings KES'98 (Cat. No.98EX111), 2002Intelligent systems are required in knowledge engineering, computer science, mechatronics and robotics. This paper discusses the machine (system) intelligence from the viewpoints of adaptation, learning and evolution of living things. Next, this paper introduces computational intelligence including neural network, fuzzy system, and genetic algorithm ...
Toshio Fukuda, Naoyuki Kubota
openaire +1 more source
Photobiomodulation: Evolution and Adaptation
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 2022Photobiomodulation (PBM) can be described as the intentional use of low-power laser or light-emitting diode light in the visible and near-infrared light spectra as a medical treatment to living biological tissues. This article describes the evolution of photochemical reactions on Earth, the mitochondria, and their implications in PBM; the science of ...
openaire +2 more sources
Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 1993
The evolution of the adaptive control algorithms driven by the results obtained in the application of the 1st generation of adaptive controllers (model reference adaptive control, self-tuning minimum variance) is examined. Research in the field of adaptive control has been directed, on the one hand, toward the development of a robust general purpose ...
openaire +2 more sources
The evolution of the adaptive control algorithms driven by the results obtained in the application of the 1st generation of adaptive controllers (model reference adaptive control, self-tuning minimum variance) is examined. Research in the field of adaptive control has been directed, on the one hand, toward the development of a robust general purpose ...
openaire +2 more sources
Evolution of adaptive immunity
Biology Bulletin, 2009The current state of the problem of emergence and evolution of adaptive immunity in different taxonomic groups of animals is analyzed. Special attention is given to the emergence and phylogenetic development of the lymphocyte, the key component of immune response, as well as to the evolutionary development of T- and B-cell immune systems, adaptive ...
openaire +2 more sources
Technology, Adaptation, and Evolution
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1969It is sometimes said that to end war, so deeply rooted in our biological aggressions, is contrary to human-nature. But flexibility of behavior and reason are man's outstanding traits, and love and cooperation are also deeply rooted biologically. It was thought by the best minds of the times that acts of depravity-slavery, human sacrifice, cannibalism ...
openaire +2 more sources
The Evolution of Adaptive Immunity
2012The concept of adaptive immunity suggests de novo generation in each individual of extremely large repertoires of diversified receptors and selective expansion of receptors that match the antigen/pathogen. Accordingly, adaptive immune system is also called "anticipatory".
openaire +2 more sources
Adaptive Evolution and Epigenetics
2017Evolution by natural selection requires that differences among individuals are heritable to some degree. However, evolutionary theory is not dependent on a particular mechanism of inheritance. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and particular histone modifications, can be inherited but their properties can differ from ordinary genetic ...
openaire +2 more sources
Spiroplasmas: evolution, adaptation and diversity
Frontiers in Bioscience, 2002Since its designation as a separate genus some 30 years ago, Spiroplasmas have been well documented in a wide range of hosts and as the causative agent of several plant and insect diseases. One major area of research is the continued identification and taxonomical characterization of new Spiroplasma sp.
openaire +2 more sources