Results 301 to 310 of about 261,784 (335)

The Validation and Acceptance of Alternatives to Animal Testing

Toxicology in Vitro, 1999
Validation is the key to the regulatory status of alternative methods. A series of questions are put, to which answers are given, including the following: What is validation? What is meant by "relevance", "reliability" and "purpose"? Why and when is formal validation necessary? What comes before and after a formal validation study?
J.H Fentem, M Balls
openaire   +3 more sources

Harmonisation of Animal Testing Alternatives in China

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2017
More and more countries are lining up to follow the EU's approach and implement a full ban on the sale of cosmetics that have been tested on animals, which has been the case in the EU since 2013. Besides animal welfare considerations, the need for mutual acceptance of data (MAD) and harmonisation of the global market have made the move toward non ...
Xiaoting Qu, Shujun Cheng, Yao Qin
openaire   +3 more sources

Trend on alternative to animal testing

International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2007
For the promotion of 3R's (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement) principles of animal tests, the EU and US established the European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) and the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), respectively.
openaire   +2 more sources

Alternatives to Animal Testing in the Safety Evaluation of Products

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2002
The conventional method for assessing the safety of products, ranging from pharmaceuticals to agrochemicals, biocides and industrial and household chemicals — including cosmetics — involves determining their toxicological properties by using experimental animals.
Derek J Knight, Damien Breheny
openaire   +3 more sources

The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing

Toxicological Sciences, 1984
The Center strives to develop new non-whole-animal test methodologies based on understanding mechanisms of toxicity of chemicals, consumer products, and drugs for the evaluation of safety. The Center will strive for scientific excellence, and to provide superior methods which will replace existing strategies.
openaire   +3 more sources

Search for alternatives to animal testing expands

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1981
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, has become the third major research institution this year to agree to seek alternatives to the use of animals for testing the safety of commercial products, and this may be only the beginning. The university's School of Hygiene and Public Health is accepting a $1 million grant from the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and ...
openaire   +2 more sources

Risk assessment: alternatives to animal testing

1997
All new chemicals manufactured specifically for use in food are required to be evaluated for safety. Such chemicals which are intentionally incorporated into foods are additives, and this chapter focuses on their safety assessment. Each proposed food additive is subjected to various in vivo and in vitro assays, which may include tests for genotoxicity,
R. D. Combes, C. L. Broadhead, M. Balls
openaire   +2 more sources

Advancing alternative methods to reduce animal testing

Science
Emerging approaches show promise for regulatory ...
Chad P, Nelson, Paul, Brown, Suzanne, Fitzpatrick, Kevin A, Ford, Paul C, Howard, Tracy, MacGill, Edward E C, Margerrison, Jacqueline, O'Shaughnessy, Tucker A, Patterson, Rakesh, Raghuwanshi, Rodney, Rouse, Selen, Stromgren, Kyung E, Sung, Luis G, Valerio, Jeffrey L, Ward, Namandjé N, Bumpus   +15 more
openaire   +2 more sources

The new paradigm in animal testing – “3Rs alternatives”

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
Regulatory studies have revolutionised over time. Today, the focus has shifted from animal toxicity testing to non-animal for regulatory safety testing. This move is in line with the international 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principle and has also changed the regulator's perspective.
Wen Tsin, Poh, Johnson, Stanslas
openaire   +2 more sources

Charting a course for cell culture alternatives to animal testing*1

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 1986
Cell culture systems (CCS) are finding increasing use in toxicology. They supplement and amplify existing tests in animals, and play a special role in the iterative process involved in studies of mechanisms of toxic action. The need is stressed for adequate standardization and validation of CCS, and meticulous conduct of tests using such systems.
openaire   +3 more sources