Results 81 to 90 of about 261,784 (335)

Toxicity testing: the search for an in vitro alternative to animal testing

British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2009
Prior to introduction to the clinic, pharmaceuticals must undergo rigorous toxicity testing to ensure their safety. Traditionally, this has been achieved using in vivo animal models. However, besides ethical reasons, there is a continual drive to reduce the number of animals used for this purpose due to concerns such as the lack of concordance seen ...
Craig Donaldson, Jinsheng Xu, H. R. Morse, Neil D. Avent, Jennifer E. May   +4 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Protonophore activity of short‐chain fatty acids induces their intracellular accumulation and acidification

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
The protonated form of butyrate, as well as other short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is membrane permeable. In acidic extracellular environments, this can lead to intracellular accumulation of SCFAs and cytosolic acidification. This phenomenon will be particularly relevant in acidic environments such as the large intestine or tumor microenvironments ...
Muwei Jiang, Frans Bianchi, Geert van den Bogaart   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Recent advances in directional statistics [PDF]

, 2020
Mainstream statistical methodology is generally applicable to data observed in Euclidean space. There are, however, numerous contexts of considerable scientific interest in which the natural supports for the data under consideration are Riemannian ...
García-Portugués, Eduardo, Pewsey, Arthur   +1 more
core   +2 more sources

An Ontology To Represent Knowledge On Animal Testing Alternatives [PDF]

Nature Precedings, 2009
AbstractEU Directive 86/609/EEC for the protection of laboratory animals obliges scientists to consider whether a planned animal experiment can be replaced, reduced or refined (3Rs principle). To meet this regulatory obligation, scientists must consult the relevant scientific literature prior to any experimental study using laboratory animals.
Michael Schroeder, Andreas Doms, Michael R. Alvers, Barbara Grune, Thomas Wächter, Horst Spielmann, Ursula G. Sauer   +6 more
openaire   +1 more source

A stepwise emergence of evolution in the RNA world

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
How did biological evolution emerge from chemical reactions? This perspective proposes a gradual scenario of self‐organization among RNA molecules, where catalytic feedback on random mixtures plays the central role. Short oligomers cross‐ligate, and self‐assembly enables heritable variations. An event of template‐externalization marks the transition to
Philippe Nghe
wiley   +1 more source

Navigating the unseen peril: safeguarding medical imaging in the age of AI

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
In response to the increasing significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, there has been increased attention – including a Presidential executive order to create an AI Safety Institute – to the potential threats posed by AI.
Alexandra Maertens, Steve Brykman, Thomas Hartung, Thomas Hartung, Andrei Gafita, Harrison Bai, David Hoelzer, Ed Skoudis, Channing Judith Paller   +8 more
doaj   +1 more source

Animal Rights Coalitions Coordinator\u27s Report \u2786 [PDF]

, 1987
New strategies fuel progress, promise even greater gains Milestones On a personal note Here\u27s what you can do to make a difference Promoting animal rights at the community level (Ann T.
Animal Rights Coalitions
core   +1 more source

The carboxylate “gripper” of the substrate is critical for C‐4 stereo‐inversion by UDP‐glucuronic acid 4‐epimerase

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
UDP‐glucuronic acid 4‐epimerase (UGAepi) catalyzes NAD+‐dependent interconversion of UDP‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcA) and UDP‐galacturonic acid (UDP‐GalA) via C4‐oxidation, 4‐keto‐intermediate rotation, and C4‐reduction. Here, Borg et al. examined the role of the substrate's carboxylate group in the enzymic mechanism by analyzing NADH‐dependent reduction
Annika J. E. Borg, Laura De Cnop, Bernd Nidetzky   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Rational arguments for regulatory acceptance of consistency testing: benefits of non-animal testing over in vivo release testing of vaccines

Expert Review of Vaccines, 2023
Introduction There are rational arguments to replace existing in vivo potency and safety assays for batch release testing of vaccines with more advanced non-animal techniques to measure critical quality attributes.
Marcel H.N. Hoefnagel, Paul Stickings, Dean Smith, Carmen Jungbäck, Wim Van Molle, Lorenzo Tesolin   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

B cell mechanobiology in health and disease: emerging techniques and insights into therapeutic responses

FEBS Letters, EarlyView.
B cells sense external mechanical forces and convert them into biochemical signals through mechanotransduction. Understanding how malignant B cells respond to physical stimuli represents a groundbreaking area of research. This review examines the key mechano‐related molecules and pathways in B lymphocytes, highlights the most relevant techniques to ...
Marta Sampietro, Marco Cellani, Cristina Scielzo   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source