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Autophagosomal Membrane Origin and Formation
2021Autophagosome formation is a regulated membrane remodeling process, which involves the generation of autophagosomal membrane precursors (vesicles), the assembly of the autophagosomal membrane precursors to form the phagophore, and phagophore elongation to complete the autophagosome. The sources of the autophagosomal membrane precursors are endomembrane
Yi, Yang +3 more
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Structural view on autophagosome formation
FEBS Letters, 2023Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation system in eukaryotes, involving the sequestration of degradation targets into autophagosomes, which are subsequently delivered to lysosomes (or vacuoles in yeasts and plants) for degradation. In budding yeast, starvation‐induced autophagosome formation relies on approximately 20 core Atg proteins ...
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Autophagosome formation in mammalian cells
Seminars in Immunopathology, 2010Autophagy is a fundamental intracellular trafficking pathway conserved from yeast to mammals. It is generally thought to play a pro-survival role, and it can be up regulated in response to both external and intracellular factors, including amino acid starvation, growth factor withdrawal, low cellular energy levels, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress ...
Chloe, Burman, Nicholas T, Ktistakis
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Autophagosome formation: core machinery and adaptations
Nature Cell Biology, 2007Eukaryotic cells employ autophagy to degrade damaged or obsolete organelles and proteins. Central to this process is the formation of autophagosomes, double-membrane vesicles responsible for delivering cytoplasmic material to lysosomes. In the past decade many autophagy-related genes, ATG, have been identified that are required for selective and/or ...
Zhiping, Xie, Daniel J, Klionsky
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Mechanisms and regulation of autophagosome formation
Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 2012Autophagy is an intracellular pathway for the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic substances such as cytosol, protein aggregates and organelles. Autophagy is characterized by the formation of double-membrane bound vesicles called autophagosomes, which engulf the cargo and transport it to the vacuole/lysosome for breakdown and recycling. Even though several
Martens, Sascha, Kraft, Claudine
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Regulation of autophagosome formation by Rho kinase
Cellular Signalling, 2013Macroautophagy, commonly referred to as autophagy, is a protein degradation pathway that functions at a constitutive level in cells, which may become further activated by stressors such as nutrient starvation or protein aggregation. Autophagy has multiple beneficial roles for maintaining normal cellular homeostasis and these roles are related to the ...
Mleczak, Andrzej +4 more
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Phase separation organizes the site of autophagosome formation
Nature, 2020Many biomolecules undergo liquid-liquid phase separation to form liquid-like condensates that mediate diverse cellular functions1,2. Autophagy is able to degrade such condensates using autophagosomes-double-membrane structures that are synthesized de novo at the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) in yeast3-5.
Fujioka, Y. +10 more
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Amino Acid Regulation of Autophagosome Formation
2008Amino acids are not only substrates for various metabolic pathways, but can also serve as signaling molecules controlling signal transduction pathways. One of these signaling pathways is mTOR-dependent and is activated by amino acids (leucine in particular) in synergy with insulin. Activation of this pathway inhibits autophagy.
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Autophagosome Formation and Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 2011Autophagy (macroautophagy), or the degradation of large numbers of cytoplasmic components, is induced by extracellular and intracellular signals, including oxidative stress, ceramide, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This dynamic process involves membrane formation and fusion, including autophagosome formation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and the ...
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Autophagosome-like vacuole formation in Huntingtonʼs disease lymphoblasts
NeuroReport, 2004In an effort to clarify cellular abnormalities in Huntington's disease without the confounding factor of gross degeneration and postmortem alterations associated with studies of the brain, we have examined HD patient lymphoblasts. We report pronounced vacuole formation in patients.
Eiichiro, Nagata +3 more
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