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Avian Influenza Virus and DIVA Strategies
Viral Immunology, 2016Vaccination is becoming a more acceptable option in the effort to eradicate avian influenza viruses (AIV) from commercial poultry, especially in countries where AIV is endemic. The main concern surrounding this option has been the inability of the conventional serological tests to differentiate antibodies produced due to vaccination from antibodies ...
Hasan, N. +3 more
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Pathogenicity and transmissibility of bovine H5N1 influenza virus
NatureHighly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) viruses occasionally infect, but typically do not transmit, in mammals. In the spring of 2024, an unprecedented outbreak of HPAI H5N1 in bovine herds occurred in the USA, with virus spread within and ...
A. Eisfeld +17 more
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Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2006
Influenza viruses are classified as A, B, or C based on the antigenicity of their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins. Influenza A viruses are further categorized into subtypes based on the antigenicity of two of their surface proteins, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. All avian influenza viruses are type A viruses.
Akiko, Makino, Yoshihiro, Kawaoka
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Influenza viruses are classified as A, B, or C based on the antigenicity of their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins. Influenza A viruses are further categorized into subtypes based on the antigenicity of two of their surface proteins, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. All avian influenza viruses are type A viruses.
Akiko, Makino, Yoshihiro, Kawaoka
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Update on Avian Influenza Virus
2023Avian influenza virus (AIV) epidemics continue to cause mortality in wild bird populations, including zoo birds, with concern about the welfare of all affected birds, population effects in highly protected species, and the economy of poultry production.
Jensen, Trine Hammer, Kuiken, Thijs
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Reverse Genetics of the Avian Influenza Virus
2008Reverse genetics is the creation of a virus from a full-length cDNA copy of the viral genome, referred to as an infectious clone, and is the most powerful genetic tool in modern virology. The generation of influenza A viruses by reverse genetics has lagged mainly due to the inherent technical difficulties of providing a sufficient amount of all eight ...
Chang-Won, Lee, David L, Suarez
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Avian Influenza Virus Transmission to Mammals
2014Influenza A viruses cause yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics. In addition, zoonotic influenza A viruses sporadically infect humans and may cause severe respiratory disease and fatalities. Fortunately, most of these viruses do not have the ability to be efficiently spread among humans via aerosols or respiratory droplets (airborne transmission ...
Herfst, Sander +3 more
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A Brief Introduction to the Avian Influenza Virus
2008The avian influenza (AI) virus is type A influenza isolated from and adapted to an avian host. Type A influenza belongs to the orthomyxovirdae virus family, is enveloped, and is pleiomorphic with a size ranging from 80-120 nm (reviewed in [1]). Type A influenza strains are classified by the serological subtypes of the primary viral surface proteins ...
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Improved methods for isolation of avian influenza virus
Journal of Virological Methods, 2014Isolation of viruses using chick embryos is a classical virological method. Inoculation of the allantoic cavity and use of allantoic fluid is a common method of passaging isolated avian influenza viruses. In the present study, 2490 fresh fecal samples and 4967 old fecal samples were investigated and subjected to conventional passaging (allantoic fluid ...
Shuang, Tang +7 more
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Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus
2014Since 1997, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses have caused unprecedented widespread poultry outbreaks with high mortality in a number of Asian, European, Middle Eastern, and African countries; have infected other animal species; and have caused sporadic, severe, and fatal human infections. Influenza viruses are single-stranded, negative-
Justin R. Ortiz, Timothy M. Uyeki
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Hemagglutination Assay for the Avian Influenza Virus
2008The hemagglutination (HA) assay is a tool used to screen cell culture or amnioallantoic fluid harvested from embryonating chicken eggs for hemagglutinating agents, such as type A influenza. The HA assay is not an identification assay, as other agents also have hemagglutinating properties.
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