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Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2006
Influenza viruses are classified as A, B, or C based on the antigenicity of their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins. Influenza A viruses are further categorized into subtypes based on the antigenicity of two of their surface proteins, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. All avian influenza viruses are type A viruses.
Akiko, Makino, Yoshihiro, Kawaoka
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Influenza viruses are classified as A, B, or C based on the antigenicity of their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins. Influenza A viruses are further categorized into subtypes based on the antigenicity of two of their surface proteins, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. All avian influenza viruses are type A viruses.
Akiko, Makino, Yoshihiro, Kawaoka
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Influenza Virus A H5N1 (“Avian Influenza”)
2010A nasal pharyngeal aspirate (NPA) is the specimen of choice for exclusion of influenza H5 strains in young children while a nasopharyngeal swab may be easier to obtain for older children and adults. Swabs should be collected and transported in the primary collection container containing viral transport medium (VTM).
Greg Smith, Ina Smith
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Avian Influenza Virus Transmission to Mammals
2014Influenza A viruses cause yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics. In addition, zoonotic influenza A viruses sporadically infect humans and may cause severe respiratory disease and fatalities. Fortunately, most of these viruses do not have the ability to be efficiently spread among humans via aerosols or respiratory droplets (airborne transmission ...
Herfst, Sander +3 more
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Isolation of Avian Influenza Virus in Texas
Avian Diseases, 1981An avian influenza virus with surface antigens similar to those of fowl plague virus (Hav 1 Nav 2) was isolated in 1979 from 2 commercial turkey flocks in Central Texas. Two flocks in contact with these infected flocks developed clinical signs, gross lesions, and seroconversion but yielded no virus.
S E, Glass, S A, Naqi, L C, Grumbles
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Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus
2014Since 1997, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses have caused unprecedented widespread poultry outbreaks with high mortality in a number of Asian, European, Middle Eastern, and African countries; have infected other animal species; and have caused sporadic, severe, and fatal human infections. Influenza viruses are single-stranded, negative-
Justin R. Ortiz, Timothy M. Uyeki
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Immunology of avian influenza virus: a review
Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 2000Avian influenza virus can cause serious disease in a wide variety of birds and mammals, but its natural host range is in wild ducks, gulls, and shorebirds. Infections in poultry can be inapparent or cause respiratory disease, decreases in production, or a rapidly fatal systemic disease known as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).
D L, Suarez, S, Schultz-Cherry
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A Brief Introduction to Avian Influenza Virus
2014The earliest recorded cases of what was likely high-pathogenicity AIV in poultry were reported in Italy in the 1870s. Avian influenza infection has been recognized in domestic poultry through the modern era of poultry production. Infection of poultry with either low pathogenic (LP) or highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIVs) can result in ...
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Wild Bird Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus
2014Avian influenza (AI) viruses have been isolated from a wide-diversity of free-living avian species representing several taxonomic orders. Isolations are most frequently reported from aquatic birds in the Orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, which are believed to be the primordial reservoirs for all AI viruses.
Justin D, Brown +2 more
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Avian influenza virus in pregnancy.
Reviews in medical virology, 2017The unprecedented epizootic of avian influenza viruses, such as H5N1, H5N6, H7N1 and H10N8, has continued to cause disease in humans in recent years. In 2013, another novel influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in China, and 30% of those patients died. Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to avian influenza and are more likely to develop severe ...
Shelan, Liu +10 more
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