Results 51 to 60 of about 174,919 (258)

Enhanced reaction kinetics in biological cells [PDF]

Nature Physics 4, 134-137 (2008), 2008
The cell cytoskeleton is a striking example of "active" medium driven out-of-equilibrium by ATP hydrolysis. Such activity has been shown recently to have a spectacular impact on the mechanical and rheological properties of the cellular medium, as well as on its transport properties : a generic tracer particle freely diffuses as in a standard ...
arxiv   +1 more source

Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease, Volume 15, Issue 1, January/February 2023., 2023
Chronic demyelination results in impaired axon metabolism and function, ultimately leading to progressive neurological decline. Neuroprotective strategies aim to protect axons from inflammatory‐mediated destruction, thereby improving axonal integrity and clinical disability (Image created in BioRender.com).
Gabrielle M. Mey, Kedar R. Mahajan, Tara M. DeSilva   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

The Regulation of Axon Diameter: From Axonal Circumferential Contractility to Activity-Dependent Axon Swelling

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 2018
In the adult nervous system axon caliber varies widely amongst different tracts. When considering a given axon, its diameter can further fluctuate in space and time, according to processes including the distribution of organelles and activity-dependent ...
Ana Rita Costa, Rita Pinto-Costa, Rita Pinto-Costa, Sara Castro Sousa, Mónica Mendes Sousa   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Axonal Membranes and Their Domains: Assembly and Function of the Axon Initial Segment and Node of Ranvier

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2017
Neurons are highly specialized cells of the nervous system that receive, process and transmit electrical signals critical for normal brain function.
Andrew D. Nelson, Paul M. Jenkins, Paul M. Jenkins   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source

The membrane periodic skeleton is an actomyosin network that regulates axonal diameter and conduction

eLife, 2020
Neurons have a membrane periodic skeleton (MPS) composed of actin rings interconnected by spectrin. Here, combining chemical and genetic gain- and loss-of-function assays, we show that in rat hippocampal neurons the MPS is an actomyosin network that ...
Ana Rita Costa, Sara C Sousa, Rita Pinto-Costa, José C Mateus, Cátia DF Lopes, Ana Catarina Costa, David Rosa, Diana Machado, Luis Pajuelo, Xuewei Wang, Feng-quan Zhou, António J Pereira, Paula Sampaio, Boris Y Rubinstein, Inês Mendes Pinto, Marko Lampe, Paulo Aguiar, Monica M Sousa   +17 more
doaj   +1 more source

The Growth Cone Cytoskeleton in Axon Outgrowth and Guidance [PDF]

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2010
Axon outgrowth and guidance to the proper target requires the coordination of filamentous (F)-actin and microtubules (MTs), the dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that promote shape change and locomotion. Over the past two decades, our knowledge of the many guidance cues, receptors, and downstream signaling cascades involved in neuronal outgrowth and ...
Erik W. Dent, Stephanie L. Gupton, Frank B. Gertler   +2 more
openaire   +3 more sources

Tracking of plus-ends reveals microtubule functional diversity in different cell types [PDF]

Sci. Rep. 6, 30285, 2016, 2017
Many cellular processes are tightly connected to the dynamics of microtubules (MTs). While in neuronal axons MTs mainly regulate intracellular trafficking, they participate in cytoskeleton reorganization in many other eukaryotic cells, enabling the cell to efficiently adapt to changes in the environment.
arxiv   +1 more source

Reversible Axonal Dystrophy by Calcium Modulation in Frataxin-Deficient Sensory Neurons of YG8R Mice

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 2017
Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a peripheral neuropathy involving a loss of proprioceptive sensory neurons. Studies of biopsies from patients suggest that axonal dysfunction precedes the death of proprioceptive neurons in a dying-back process.
Belén Mollá, Belén Mollá, Diana C. Muñoz-Lasso, Diana C. Muñoz-Lasso, Diana C. Muñoz-Lasso, Diana C. Muñoz-Lasso, Fátima Riveiro, Fátima Riveiro, Arantxa Bolinches-Amorós, Arantxa Bolinches-Amorós, Federico V. Pallardó, Federico V. Pallardó, Federico V. Pallardó, Angel Fernandez-Vilata, María de la Iglesia-Vaya, María de la Iglesia-Vaya, María de la Iglesia-Vaya, Francesc Palau, Francesc Palau, Francesc Palau, Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo, Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo, Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo   +22 more
doaj   +1 more source

Mechanical Behavior of Axonal Actin, Spectrin, and Their Periodic Structure: A Brief Review [PDF]

arXiv, 2021
Actin and spectrin are important constituents of axonal cytoskeleton. Periodic actin and spectrin structures are found in dendrites, initial segment of axon, and main axon. Actin and spectrin periodicity has been hypothesized to be manipulating the axon stability and mechanical behavior.
arxiv  

Modeling of interstitial branching of axonal networks [PDF]

1. J. Integr. Neurosci. 12, 1-14, (2013), 2013
A single axon can generate branches connecting with plenty synaptic targets. Process of branching is very important for making connections in central nervous system. The interstitial branching along primary axon shaft occurs during nervous system development. Growing axon makes pause in its movement and leaves active points behind its terminal. The new
arxiv   +1 more source