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Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2020 Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and cost. Environmental or occupational exposures to carcinogens, especially tobacco, are the main risk factors for bladder cancer. Most bladder cancers are diagnosed after patients present with macroscopic haematuria, and cases are confirmed after ...
Oner Sanli +6 more
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Frontiers in Surgery, 2022 IntroductionNon-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common and heterogeneous disease; many patients develop recurrent or progress to muscle-invasive disease.
Kelly Ward +4 more
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Genome Medicine, 2022 Background Three-quarters of bladder cancer patients present with early-stage disease (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, NMIBC, UICC TNM stages Ta, T1 and Tis); however, most next-generation sequencing studies to date have concentrated on later-stage ...
Anshita Goel +16 more
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Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2009 Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with 70% of patients presenting with superficial tumours, which tend to recur but are generally not life threatening, and 30% presenting as muscle-invasive disease associated with a high risk of death from distant metastases.
James E, Montie +20 more
+7 more sources
An unusual case of vaginal mass – subpubic cartilaginous cyst
Urology Case Reports, 2021 Subpubic cartilaginous cyst is a rare form of ganglion cyst that arises on the inferior surface of the pubis symphysis. The pathophysiology is poorly understood but has been hypothesised to be secondary to mucinous degeneration of the pubic supporting ...
Elliot Anderson +3 more
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F1000Research, 2015 Overactive bladder syndrome is highly prevalent, and increasingly so with aging. It is characterized by the presence of urinary urgency, and can be associated with incontinence, increased voiding frequency, and nocturia. Assessment needs to exclude serious medical disorders that might present with similar symptoms, and a bladder diary is an invaluable ...
Wallace, Karen M., Drake, Marcus J.
openaire +2 more sources
PD-L2 Is Constitutively Expressed in Normal and Malignant Urothelium
Frontiers in Oncology, 2021 The use of immune checkpoint blockade, in particular PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, is now commonplace in many clinical settings including the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
Alexander C. Dowell +9 more
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European Urology Open Science, 2022 Background: Mutations in STAG2 cause complete loss of STAG2 protein in approximately one-third of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs). STAG2 protein expression is easily determined via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and published data suggest that ...
Naheema S. Gordon +9 more
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Bladder Cancer: Current Challenges and Future Directions
Medicina, 2021 Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. While the clinical approach to BCa has remained largely unchanged for many years, recent discoveries have paved the way to a new era ...
J. Dobruch, M. Oszczudlowski
semanticscholar +1 more source
Cancer Research, 2004 Accurate normalization is an absolute prerequisite for correct measurement of gene expression. For quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the most commonly used normalization strategy involves standardization to a single ...
C. Andersen, J. L. Jensen, T. Ørntoft
semanticscholar +1 more source