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Botulinum neurotoxins: Mechanism of action
Toxicon, 2013Botulinum neurotoxins are used clinically for conditions characterized by hyperexcitability of peripheral nerve terminals and hypersecretory syndromes. These neurotoxins are synthesized as precursor proteins with low activity, but their effects are mediated by the active form of the neurotoxin through a multistep mechanism.
Ann P, Tighe, Giampietro, Schiavo
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Glycosphingolipids—Sweets for botulinum neurotoxin
Glycoconjugate Journal, 2004A number of viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins can only act on cells that express the appropriate glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the outer surface of their plasma membranes. An example of this dependency is provided by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) which is synthesized by Clostridium botulinum and inhibits neurotransmission at the neuromuscular ...
Brian C, Yowler, Cara-Lynne, Schengrund
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Botulinum Neurotoxins: Mechanism of Action
2020Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a growing family of bacterial protein toxins that cause botulism, a rare but often fatal animal and human disease. They are the most potent toxins known owing to their molecular architecture, which underlies their mechanism of action.
Rossetto, O. +3 more
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Botulinum neurotoxin A: A review
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2012Despite its ubiquity in cosmetic circles and broad general awareness, a literature search of botulinum neurotoxin in JPRAS and BJPS yielded a mere 4 articles germane to cosmesis. A pair each detailing its application in masseteric hypertrophy(1,2) and the use of cryoanalgesia.(3,4) Given that botulinum neurotoxin A is the most commonly used cosmetic ...
M G, Berry, Jan J, Stanek
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Clinical Use of Botulinum Neurotoxins
1995Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the most potent biologic toxin known to a man (Gill 1982). Its clinical effects have been recognized since the end of the nineteenth century, when van Ermengem (1897) related botulism to a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium.
F, Cardoso, J, Jankovic
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Toxicon, 1995
Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, produced by Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani, respectively, are the most poisonous poisons known to mankind. Although botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins share several characteristics, such as similar mol.
B R, Singh, B, Li, D, Read
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Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, produced by Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani, respectively, are the most poisonous poisons known to mankind. Although botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins share several characteristics, such as similar mol.
B R, Singh, B, Li, D, Read
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Revue neurologique, 2010
Botulinum toxin is a multi-molecular complex comprised of a neuro-active moiety (i.e. botulinum neurotoxin) and several associated non-toxic proteins. The toxin dissociates rapidly at plasmatic pH, thereby releasing neurotoxin. Nerve terminals only take up the neurotoxin.
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Botulinum toxin is a multi-molecular complex comprised of a neuro-active moiety (i.e. botulinum neurotoxin) and several associated non-toxic proteins. The toxin dissociates rapidly at plasmatic pH, thereby releasing neurotoxin. Nerve terminals only take up the neurotoxin.
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Future aspects of botulinum neurotoxins
Journal of Neural Transmission, 2007The future of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) development is expected to proceed along two lines: the development of novel indications and the development of novel products. New indications will likely be based on the neuromuscular mode of action of BoNTs, as well as action on primary sensory fibers and other neuronal types.
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