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Immunogenicity of botulinum toxin [PDF]
Archives of Plastic Surgery, 2022 Botulinum toxin treatment is the most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment. Although there are many available treatments using botulinum toxin, their effects are temporary and repeated injections are required. These frequent injections can trigger an immunological response. In addition, botulinum toxin acts as an antigen in the body; thus, its effect
Syeo Young Wee, Eun Soo Park
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Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2010 Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum elaborates eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C(1), C(2), D, E, F and G). All serotypes interfere with neural transmission by blocking the release of acetylcholine, the principal ...
Nigam P, Nigam Anjana
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Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, 2012 Background: It is generally agreed that diffusion of botulinum toxin occurs, but the extent of the spread and its clinical importance are disputed. Many factors have been suggested to play a role but which have the most clinical relevance is a subject of much discussion.
Brodsky, Matthew A. +2 more
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BOTULINUM TOXIN IN OPHTHALMOLOGY [PDF]
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology, 1988 AbstractAlan B. Scott selected, researched and developed Type A Botulinum toxin for clinical use in ophthalmology. This unique drug has proved invaluable for treatment of a number of conditions which are difficult to treat in ophthalmology and in a variety of other disciplines.
D, Dunlop, G, Pittar, C, Dunlop
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Journal of Neural TransmissionAbstract Botulinum toxin (BT) is used therapeutically since the late 1980s. For many years, BT drugs were provided by a small group of manufacturers from Europe and the United States. As BT’s use for aesthetic purposes surged, numerous new manufacturers entered the field, particularly from Korea.
Dirk, Dressler +3 more
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Immunogenicity of botulinum toxins [PDF]
Journal of Neural Transmission, 2012 Botulinum neurotoxins are formulated biologic pharmaceuticals used therapeutically to treat a wide variety of chronic conditions, with varying governmental approvals by country. Some of these disorders include cervical dystonia, post-stroke spasticity, blepharospasm, migraine, and hyperhidrosis.
Naumann, Markus +3 more
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Some of the next articles are maybe not open access.
2020
Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium that secretes an extremely large neurotoxic molecule (900 kDa), which produces food poisoning or botulism. It is now also used in medicine to treat diseases according to Paracelsus's paradigm that the difference between a poison and a drug lies in the dose.
Signorini, Massimo +5 more
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Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium that secretes an extremely large neurotoxic molecule (900 kDa), which produces food poisoning or botulism. It is now also used in medicine to treat diseases according to Paracelsus's paradigm that the difference between a poison and a drug lies in the dose.
Signorini, Massimo +5 more
openaire +2 more sources