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Toxicon, 1995
Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, produced by Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani, respectively, are the most poisonous poisons known to mankind. Although botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins share several characteristics, such as similar mol.
Bilian Li +2 more
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Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, produced by Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani, respectively, are the most poisonous poisons known to mankind. Although botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins share several characteristics, such as similar mol.
Bilian Li +2 more
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Overview of botulinum neurotoxins
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2007Dr Alan Scott's seminal investigations in the 1970s into the use of botulinum neurotoxin for strabismus represent the pivotal moment in its clinical research. In the decades that followed, botulinum neurotoxin was increasingly studied for therapeutic and aesthetic use.
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Botulinum neurotoxins: Mechanism of action
Toxicon, 2013Botulinum neurotoxins are used clinically for conditions characterized by hyperexcitability of peripheral nerve terminals and hypersecretory syndromes. These neurotoxins are synthesized as precursor proteins with low activity, but their effects are mediated by the active form of the neurotoxin through a multistep mechanism.
Giampietro Schiavo +2 more
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Glycosphingolipids—Sweets for botulinum neurotoxin
Glycoconjugate Journal, 2004A number of viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins can only act on cells that express the appropriate glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the outer surface of their plasma membranes. An example of this dependency is provided by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) which is synthesized by Clostridium botulinum and inhibits neurotransmission at the neuromuscular ...
Cara Lynne Schengrund, Brian C. Yowler
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Administration of Botulinum Neurotoxin
2021The human body is rarely at complete rest instead sitting amidst variable and opposing forces coexisting in dynamic counterpoint. For example, biceps on the anterior surface of the arm is balanced by triceps on the posterior. Contraction of one requires relaxation of the other in order to flex or extend the elbow respectively.
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Clinical Use of Botulinum Neurotoxins
1995Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the most potent biologic toxin known to a man (Gill 1982). Its clinical effects have been recognized since the end of the nineteenth century, when van Ermengem (1897) related botulism to a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium.
Francisco Cardoso, Joseph Jankovic
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Pharmacology of botulinum neurotoxins
Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2004Abstract Botulinum toxin type A has long been an important therapy in the treatment of focal dystonias of the head and neck. It has been studied more recently for the treatment of cervical pain, cricopharyngeal dysphagia, and gustatory sweating. Botulinum neurotoxins inhibit exocytosis from selected neurons after injection into specific target areas ...
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Uptake of Botulinum Neurotoxin in the Intestine
2012Foodborne and intestinal botulism are the most common forms of human botulism; both result from the absorption of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) from the digestive tract into the circulation. BoNT is a large protein toxin (approximately 150 kDa), but it is able to pass through the epithelial barrier in the digestive tract.
Takuhiro Matsumura +2 more
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Updates on Botulinum Neurotoxins in Dermatology
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2019Being the most popular non-surgical cosmetic procedure, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are increasingly of interest to all cosmetic practitioners across the globe. This article serves to update readers on the new botulinum toxins that are currently in development or close to market in the USA and Canada, including daxibotulinumtoxin A ...
Edith Hanna, Kucy Pon
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