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Purification of Clostridium botulinum type a toxin
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure, 1970Abstract The neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum Type A has been isolated and purified from a liquid culture. The toxin is homogeneuous by anion and cation exchange chromatography, gel filtration, isoelectric focusing and Ouchterlony gel diffusion technique. The specific toxicity of the purified toxin is 10 · 107 minimum lethal doses/1.0 A 278
B R, Dasgupta, L J, Berry, D A, Boroff
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Different types of botulinum toxin in humans
Movement Disorders, 2004In humans, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A (BoNT/A) is a useful therapeutic tool, but different BoNT serotypes may be useful when a specific immune resistance related to BoNT/A is proved. BoNT serotype F (BoNT/F) was injected into human muscles but its effects are shorter compared to BoNT/A, whereas BoNT serotype B (BoNT/B) is effective in ...
ELEOPRA R +4 more
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Detoxification of Crystalline Botulinum Type A Toxin
The Journal of Immunology, 1947Summary Botulinum Type A toxoid has been prepared from crystalline toxin by the addition of formaldehyde. The most active preparation consisted of one component electrophoretically, immunized mice in a dose containing 0.01γ of toxoidnitrogen and was 2400 times more active antigenically than crude toxoid on the basis of nitrogen-content.
G A, HOTTLE, A, ABRAMS
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Botulinum toxin type A in chronic migraine
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2007The use of botulinum toxin type A continues to be investigated by the US FDA for potential use in the treatment of headache. As part of this process there has been extensive research conducted by individual study sites as well as multicenter trials. To date, the majority of the focus has been on migraine headache as well as on tension-type headache ...
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Molecular Weight of Type A Botulinum Toxin
Infection and Immunity, 1970Clostridium botulinum type A does not produce a 12,000 molecular weight toxin. The reported isolation of such a material by Gerwing et al. could not be confirmed.
J N, Knox, W P, Brown, L, Spero
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Botulinum Toxin Type A for Chronic Migraine
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 2010Chronic migraine (CM) is the leading cause of chronic daily headache, a common and debilitating headache syndrome. The management of CM patients is challenging, with only limited benefit from available oral preventive medications. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used extensively to treat disorders associated with increased muscle tone. More recent
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Botulinum Toxin Type B (Myobloc)
Dermatologic Surgery, 2003Myobloc, known as Neurobloc in Europe, is a member of the botulinum toxin family. It has been used for a myriad of problems since its approval in the United States in December 2000. It is currently not approved for cosmetic use but has been used for this purpose. This article reviews what is currently known about botulinum toxin type B and its efficacy
Leslie, Baumann, Laura, Black
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Pharmacology and immunology of botulinum toxin type A
Clinics in Dermatology, 2003The utility of botulinum neurotoxins as therapeutic and esthetic agents depends on their ability to inhibit neurotransmitter release from selected neurons, remain localized at the site of injection, and evade the body's immunologic defenses. The clinical correlates of these actions, respectively, are efficacy, safety, and a low rate of antibody ...
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Botulinum Toxin Type A in Dental Medicine
Journal of Dental Research, 2019Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are a product of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. By entering nerve endings, they cleave and inactivate SNARE proteins, which are essential for neurotransmitter release. Prevention of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction causes long-lasting and potentially fatal flaccid paralysis—a major feature of botulism ...
V.R.M. Muñoz Lora +3 more
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Observations on the Type A Toxin of Clostridium botulinum
Nature, 1951THE recent communication by Wentzel, Sterne and Polson1 makes it desirable to record some supplementary observations made in the chemical investigation of a number of toxins, especially that produced by Clostridium botulinum Type A. In the present experiments, the toxicity was determined by intraperitoneal injection into white mice of 20 gm. weight.
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