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Clinical Trial Safety Surveillance in Africa: Experts' Perspectives on Current Practices and Opportunities. [PDF]

Vaccines (Basel)
Ejekam CS, Nyarko KA, Abiri OT, Beno YN, Adechina Adehan RM.   +4 more
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Causality: fundamental principles and tools

Irène Balelli, Safaa Al-Ali, Élise Dumas, J. Abécassis   +3 more
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Causal reductionism and causal structures

Nature Neuroscience, 2021
Causal reductionism is the widespread assumption that there is no room for additional causes once we have accounted for all elementary mechanisms within a system. Due to its intuitive appeal, causal reductionism is prevalent in neuroscience: once all neurons have been caused to fire or not to fire, it seems that causally there is nothing left to be ...
Matteo Grasso, Larissa Albantakis, Jonathan P. Lang, Giulio Tononi   +3 more
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Causality: Contemporary Approaches

Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, 2022
From the dawn of philosophy, with pre-Socratic thinkers, to the present day, the concept of causality continues to captivate and divide philosophers in all areas. On the one hand, as it is a fundamental concept for understanding the World and its dynamism, the notion of causality remains attractive.
Bruno Nobre, Ricardo Barroso Batista
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Causal Estimation and Causal Inference

2020
This entry provides an introduction to causal inference. Causal inference refers to the estimation of the effect of a treatment, policy, or intervention on an outcome of interest. Causal inference is, therefore, at the centre of science and social sciences. This entry emphasises Rubin’s potential outcomes framework.
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Causal propensities: Statistical causality vs. aleatory causality

Topoi, 1990
For many years I have been thinking about scientific explanation, especially statistical explanation. From the beginning I disagreed with Carl G. Hempel on this subject. He claimed that high probability is a requirement for acceptable statistical explanations; 1 I argued that we need, instead, relations of statistical relevance.
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Causal Ordering and Causality reversals

Storia del pensiero economico : bollettino di informazione e documentazione, 2006
It is shown that if equilibrium conditions are included among the components of standard economic models we may establish the Simon-type causal ordering where we have causality reversals, a result which is rather disturbing and which allows only an epistemic interpretation of Simon’s causal ordering.
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