Results 281 to 290 of about 455,494 (313)
Some of the next articles are maybe not open access.
Synthese, 2002
Conventional Decision Theory takes the expected value of an act \(A\) having outcomes \(0\) in the set \(\mathbf{O}\) as \[ \mathbf{EV}(A) = \sum_{O \in \mathbf{O}}{{\mathbf{PROB}}(O/A)}. \] This doesn't always work. For example, suppose your choice is between smoking and not smoking, but that both a propensity to cancer and the desire to smoke are the
openaire +3 more sources
Conventional Decision Theory takes the expected value of an act \(A\) having outcomes \(0\) in the set \(\mathbf{O}\) as \[ \mathbf{EV}(A) = \sum_{O \in \mathbf{O}}{{\mathbf{PROB}}(O/A)}. \] This doesn't always work. For example, suppose your choice is between smoking and not smoking, but that both a propensity to cancer and the desire to smoke are the
openaire +3 more sources
Causality, Causality, Causality: The View of Education Inputs and Outputs from Economics [PDF]
, 2005 Educators and policy makers are increasingly intent on using scientifically-based evidence when making decisions about education policy. Thus, education research today must necessarily be focused on identifying the causal relationships between education inputs and student outcomes. In this paper we discuss methodologies for estimating the causal effect
Lisa Barrow, Cecilia E. Rouse
openaire +1 more source
Causality and imperfect causality from texts: A frame for causality in social sciences
International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2010The focus of this paper is the study of causality in both its crisp and approximate forms. Crisp causality is characterized by some properties and modalities and is related to semantic implications. This paper presents a program that extracts causal and conditional sentences with causal content from several texts. The examples extracted show that, even
Alejandro Sobrino 0001 +2 more
openaire +1 more source
Strong Causality Conditions and Causal Invertibility
SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 1980Various strong causality conditions for linear systems are studied and compared. The relationship between these conditions and the causal invertibility problem is considered.
openaire +2 more sources
Causal propensities: Statistical causality vs. aleatory causality
Topoi, 1990For many years I have been thinking about scientific explanation, especially statistical explanation. From the beginning I disagreed with Carl G. Hempel on this subject. He claimed that high probability is a requirement for acceptable statistical explanations; 1 I argued that we need, instead, relations of statistical relevance.
openaire +1 more source
Causal boundary for stably causal spacetimes
General Relativity and Gravitation, 1988Ths is another step to improve the Geroch-Kronheimer-Penrose boundary construction for space-times. A new identification rule is proposed on the set of ideal points of a space-time which seems to be more satisfactory in the stably causal case. But it remains difficult to describe the corresponding equivalence relation explicitly.
openaire +2 more sources
Causal Opacity or Causal Translucence?
Journal of Cognitive HistoriographyAccording to longstanding interpretations in the social and cognitive sciences, rituals are said to be characterized by arbitrary action and the lack of a causal connection between action and desired outcome. The observer who assigns a physical-causal connection has taken the instrumental stance, while one who accepts a group convention is said to ...
openaire +1 more source