Results 11 to 20 of about 223,654 (287)
Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis, 2022 The Dutch Drankwet (hereinafter: Liquor Act) of 1881, the result of decades of temperance activism, was met with much criticism — little had come of the national legislation’s aim to reduce the consumption of alcohol.
Ariadne Schmidt +2 more
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Improving Global Public Health: Responsiveness to Public Interest Considerations in Intellectual Property Law [PDF]
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, 2020 Over the past few years the WTO Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights recognized the growing concern over an imbalance between intellectual property and public interest.
Maciej Barczewski, Sebastian Sykuna
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“Trade-Related Aspects” and “Public Interest” in the TRIPS Agreement (WTO)
Московский журнал международного права, 2010 The article appears to be attempt to decipher such notions as “trade – related” aspects of IPR and “public interest” in The TRIPS Agreement. It is particularly striking that this article reveals that TRIPS negotiators, representing both developed and ...
V. V. Pirogova
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The WTO and the Covid‐19 “Vaccine Apartheid”: Big Pharma and the Minefield of Patents
Politics and Governance, 2023 Unequal access to vaccines for the Covid-19 pandemic, also referred to as “vaccine apartheid,” has marginalized low-income countries again. In October 2020, India and South Africa proposed a temporary waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS Agreement
Stéphane Paquin +1 more
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Lessons Learned from Philip Morris V. Uruguay Regarding the Approaches Taken in the Investment Protection Treaties of Iran towards Expropriation of Intellectual Property [PDF]
Faṣlnāmah-i Pizhūhish-i Huqūq-i ̒Umūmī, 2023 IntroductionIn the field of intellectual property rights, host states’ policies, and accordingly, the approach of the relevant treaty towards expropriation and intellectual property rights play a key role when separating expropriation from regulatory ...
Soroosh Falahati, Mirghasem Jafarzade
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Compulsory licensing for expensive medicines
, 2022 Part 1 – Legal study 1 INTRODUCTION 9 -- 2 THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR: TRENDS, PRACTICES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEGAL AND GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK 12 -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION .12 -- 2.2 KEY STAKEHOLDERS & INNOVATION TRENDS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR 12 -- 2.3 CHARACTERISTICS RELEVANT LEGAL FRAMEWORK PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR 14 -- 2.4 COSTS OF R&D, BUSINESS ...
Van Zimmeren, Esther +10 more
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, 2021 Compulsory licensing is a statutorily created nonexclusive license by the competent authority granted to a third party to make, use, or sell an invention, where remuneration is paid to the right holder and the right holder maintains his legal intellectual property rights.
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Welfare effects of compulsory licensing [PDF]
Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2015 This paper derives necessary and sufficient conditions for compulsory licensing to increase consumer surplus and total welfare, taking into account both static (technology transfer) and dynamic (innovation) effects. When the risk-free rate is low, compulsory licensing is shown unambiguously to increase consumer surplus.
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Frand and Compulsory Licenses: Analysis and Comparison [PDF]
, 2015 This section compares two different forms of licenses being FRAND and complusory license. Both forms of licenses are critical to achieve access to otherwise difficult to access technologies. The FRAND licenses have been widely embraced, especially in the
Davé, Raj S., Ragavan, Srividhya
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Compulsory licensing of technology and the essential facilities doctrine [PDF]
Information Economics and Policy, 2004 Abstract We consider compulsory licensing of intellectual property as a remedy for anti-competitive practices. We identify aspects of intellectual property that could warrant a different remedy from those developed for access to physical essential facilities.
Aoki, Reiko, Small, John
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