Results 261 to 270 of about 1,475,197 (300)

LPP EUV conversion efficiency optimization

SPIE Proceedings, 2005
Efficient conversion of laser light into EUV radiation is one of the most important problems of the laser-produced plasma (LPP) EUV source. Too low a conversion efficiency (CE) increases the amount of power the drive laser will have to deliver, which, besides the obvious laser cost increase, also increases the thermal load on all the components and can
J. R. Hoffman, A. N. Bykanov, O. V. Khodykin, A. I. Ershov, N. R. Bowering, I. V. Fomenkov, W. N. Partlo, D. W. Myers   +7 more
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Conversion Efficiency of LPP Sources

2010
Some EUV light sources have been promoted that use LPPs, and some that use DPPs (see, for example, Ref. 1). Although each proposed source has significant advantages, the LPP offers an especially attractive prospective application range due to advances in laser technology and tunability of the source emission by target-material selection.
Katsunobu Nishihara, Akira Sasaki, Atsushi Sunahara, Takeshi Nishikawa   +3 more
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CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES IN HETEROTROPHIC ORGANISMS

Biological Reviews, 1977
Summary1. The maximum possible efficiency at which living systems are able to convert input nutrients to their own biomass is between 70 and 80 %.2. Conversion efficiency in bacteria, protozoa and metazoan cells in culture approximates more closely to 60%.3.
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Tracking solar cell conversion efficiency

Nature Reviews Physics, 2020
Keeping track of the rapidly improving solar cell performance is not as easy as it might seem. Martin Green describes the Solar Cell Efficiency Tables that have been providing 6-monthly updates of record solar cell performance since the 1990s. Keeping track of the rapidly improving solar cell performance is not as easy as it seems.
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Efficient CNF Conversion

2021
Donald Sannella, Michael Fourman, Haoran Peng, Philip Wadler   +3 more
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Wind Energy Conversion Efficiency Limit

Wind Engineering, 2006
The momentum analysis of Sharpe [3] is considered further. It is shown that the maximum wind energy conversion efficiency limit, or the Betz limit of 59.3%, deduced from conventional actuator disc theory is the limiting stationary maximum value as wind turbine rotor speed approaches infinity and rotor outlet swirl approaches zero.
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Solar-to-Biomass Conversion Efficiency

2015
A maximum theoretical yield in solar-to-biomass conversion can be estimated from the efficiency of the photosynthetic process, considering utilization of all available light. The solar-to-biomass conversion yield is expected to be higher in algae than in terrestrial plants, because algae do not need to consume energy for the development of supporting ...
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Efficient Circuit to CNF Conversion

2007
Modern SAT solvers are proficient at solving Boolean satisfiability problems in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). However, these problems mostly arise from general Boolean circuits that are then translated to CNF. We outline a simple and expressive data structure for describing arbitrary circuits, as well as an algorithm for converting circuits to CNF ...
Panagiotis Manolios, Daron Vroon
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Light Conversion Efficiency in Photosynthesis

1977
The process of photosynthesis involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted and absorbed in discrete quantities (quanta) of radiant energy called photons possessing an energy E=hv, where h is Planck’s constant and v the frequency of the radiation.
R. J. Radmer, B. Kok
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Conversion efficiency Enhancement for SeriesParallel Power Conversion Systems

2021 IEEE International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), 2021
Po-Sheng Shen, Jen-Hao Teng, Bo-Hsien Liu   +2 more
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