Results 211 to 220 of about 166,640 (259)

Cytokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: Physiology, pharmacology, and pathology

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1996
Numerous cytokines and their receptors have been identified in the brain, where they act as mediators of host defence responses and have direct effects on neuronal and glial function. Experimental tools for studying cytokine actions, their source and control of synthesis in the brain, actions and mechanisms of action will be reviewed here.
Nancy J Rothwell, S Toulmond
exaly   +3 more sources

Physiological role of cytokines in the regulation of mammalian metabolism

Trends in Immunology, 2023
The innate cytokine system is involved in the response to excessive food intake. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the physiological role of three prominent cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in mammalian metabolic regulation.
Axel de Baat, Beckey Trinh, Helga Ellingsgaard, Marc Y. Donath   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Potential Relevance of Cytokines to Ovarian Physiology

1994
Eli Y Adashi, E Kokia, Arye Hurwitz
exaly   +2 more sources

SOCS: physiological suppressors of cytokine signaling

Journal of Cell Science, 2000
ABSTRACT Cytokines regulate cellular behavior by interacting with receptors on the plasma membrane of target cells and activating intracellular signal transduction cascades such as the JAK-STAT pathway. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins negatively regulate cytokine signaling.
D L, Krebs, D J, Hilton
openaire   +2 more sources

The Role of Cytokines in Physiological Sleep Regulation

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2001
Abstract: Several growth factors (GFs) are implicated in sleep regulation. It is posited that these GFs are produced in response to neural activity and affect input‐output relationships within the neural circuits where they are produced, thereby inducing a local state shift. These GFs also influence synaptic efficacy.
J M, Krueger, F J, Obál, J, Fang, T, Kubota, P, Taishi   +4 more
openaire   +2 more sources

The Cytokines: Physiological and Pathophysiological Aspects

1993
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of cytokines. Despite the fact that many of the molecules are described on the basis of a single biological function, several molecules subsequently turned out to be pleiotropic with a wide range of actions and target cells.
S W, Evans, J T, Whicher
openaire   +2 more sources

Humoral regulation of physiological sleep: cytokines and GHRH

Journal of Sleep Research, 1999
Interleukin‐1, tumour necrosis factor, and growth hormone releasing hormone form part of the humoral mechanisms regulating physiological sleep. Their injection enhances non‐rapid‐eye‐movement sleep whereas their inhibition reduces spontaneous sleep and sleep rebound after sleep deprivation.
J M, Krueger, F, Obál, J, Fang
openaire   +2 more sources

The carbohydrate recognition by cytokines modulates their physiological activities

Glycoconjugate Journal, 2004
A variety of cytokines have been reported to be able to recognize specific carbohydrate moieties. To date, the role of carbohydrate recognition in cytokine function has been analyzed for several cytokines, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-2.
Katsuko, Yamashita, Keiko, Fukushima
openaire   +2 more sources

Autocrine secretion and the physiological concentration of cytokines

Immunology Today, 1996
Abstract In contrast to hormones, cytokine activities are often purely local and, consequently, their active physiological concentration is hard to define. Here, using IL-2 as an example, David Kaplan proposes that the local concentrations of cytokines might be much greater than expected.
openaire   +2 more sources

Physiology of cytokine pathways in rheumatoid arthritis

Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2001
This review has summarized the physiology of some cytokine pathways in RA, emphasizing the redundant and synergistic nature of this network. However, it is important to understand that this system is self-regulating through the action of anti-inflammatory cytokines, opposing cytokines, cytokine receptor antagonists, and possibly naturally occurring ...
openaire   +2 more sources