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Not all money is created equal: The concept of a hierarchy of money
Review of Economic PerspectivesThe concept of a hierarchy of money or the idea that a number of instruments constitute money and that they are hierarchically related to one another is relatively recent and yet quite widespread.
Suchánek Marián
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The great exchange: Rapid demonetization in Trinidad and Tobago
Latin American Journal of Central Banking, 2020 Trinidad and Tobago executed a surprise demonetization of its largest currency note in December 2019 to address financial crimes. This evaluation of the outcome finds that the exercise was relatively well managed by the authorities within the short time ...
Alvin Hilaire, Reshma Mahabir
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Insect I‐Type Lysozymes Function as Antiviral Proteases by Forming Biomolecular Condensates
Advanced Science, Volume 13, Issue 1, 5 January 2026.Upon rice viral infection, the insect vector activates the Toll–MyD88–Dorsal signaling cascade, inducing i‐type lysozyme (Lyz‐I1) expression. Lyz‐I1 functions as an antiviral protease through its conserved catalytic dyad Glu/Asp (E/D), mediating cleavage of viral proteins at specific Lys (K) residues.
Yu Du +5 more
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Aerobic methane production in marine ecosystems
Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2026.Abstract Oceans are considered significant methane sources, but the origin of methane in oxic surface seawaters remains unknown. Here, we collected seawater from the Jiulong River Estuary, Taiwan Strait, and Arctic Ocean to explore the potential for aerobic methane production.
Wangwang Ye, Man Wu
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An efficient optimization algorithm for electric vehicle routing problem
IET Power Electronics, Volume 19, Issue 1, January/December 2026.1. To minimize the cost of travel and travel time for electric vehicles (EVs) while considering constraints on battery capacity, charging time, and delivery/pickup requirements. 2. To find the most efficient route to charging stations to address the issue of range anxiety and the scarcity of charging infrastructure. 3.
Batchu Veena Vani +3 more
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International Journal of Microbiology, Volume 2026, Issue 1, 2026.Background Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus remains a major cause of health care‐associated infection in high‐risk units such as burn and cancer wards. In settings where advanced genotyping schemes are not routinely available, combining complementary molecular typing methods can improve characterization of genetic diversity for surveillance ...
Alan O. Shwan +2 more
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El Trimestre EconómicoEl propósito del artículo consiste en evidenciar que todo medio de pago admitido como dinero conlleva tanto la materialización de un compromiso asumido por su emisor como beneficios potenciales resultantes de la provisión de instrumentos transaccionales ...
Martín Wasserman
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Risposta a Niccoli. (Response to Niccoli)
Moneta e Credito, 2013 A brief response to Niccoli’s The effect of growth limits on the loan/deposit ratio.
P. MARULLO REEDTZ
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Electric Field‐Stimulated Autofluorescence for In Situ 3D Characterization of Polymer Defects
Advanced Science, Volume 12, Issue 45, December 4, 2025.Moderate electric fields induce intrinsic autofluorescence at microscale defects within diverse polymers under laser excitation. Combined with confocal microscopy, this probe‐free method enables real‐time, submicron‐resolution 3D imaging of voids, fillers, and electrical trees before irreversible damage occurs.
Chaolu Niu +8 more
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La experiencia española de la banca emisora: la pluralidad de emisión en el siglo XIX*
El Trimestre EconómicoEn las décadas centrales del siglo XIX, España desarrolló un sistema bancario basado en la pluralidad de emisión. Diversos bancos fueron autorizados por el Estado para hacer circular sus billetes en sus respectivas provincias. Este proceso dio lugar a un
Yolanda Blasco-Martel +1 more
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