Results 181 to 190 of about 38,925 (237)
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1986
Since March 1979 the European Monetary System (EMS) is functioning as a form of fixed exchange rates in a floating world. Concerning the motives, the Resolution of the European Council of 5 December 1978 on the establishment of the EMS and related matters describes the creation of closer monetary integration leading to a zone of monetary stability as a
H. Jager, E. de Jong
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Since March 1979 the European Monetary System (EMS) is functioning as a form of fixed exchange rates in a floating world. Concerning the motives, the Resolution of the European Council of 5 December 1978 on the establishment of the EMS and related matters describes the creation of closer monetary integration leading to a zone of monetary stability as a
H. Jager, E. de Jong
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Development and calibration of engine and transmission ECUs with the ETK ECU interface
ATZ worldwide, 2007The high standards in terms of engine performance, torque, engine responsiveness, drivability, fuel savings, and emissions met by today’s vehicles would not be attainable without the deployment of engine and transmission ECUs featuring a multitude of sophisticated functions.
Burkhard Triess +3 more
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A method of ECU software updating
2018 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), 2018The number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) installed in vehicles is increasing owing to the implementation of automatic driving functions or advanced driver assistance systems. Moreover, the scale of software in the vehicle is becoming larger and more complicated. Therefore, the number of recalls caused by software is increasing.
Yutaka Onuma +3 more
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From a Full Value ECU to a Constant ECU
1989Europe and the European ideal was — and still is — the dream of a generation, the generation of men and women who have twice witnessed the self-laceration of our continent during the first half of this century, with an interval of less than twenty-five years.
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ECU interest rates and ECU basket adjustments: An arbitrage pricing approach
Journal of Banking & Finance, 1992Abstract This paper considers arbitrage pricing of bonds and the determination of interest rates in the European Currency Unit (ECU) in situations of impending ECU basket adjustments. These adjustments disrupt the markets for private ECU assets with a lead of several months.
Martin Klein, Sigrid M. Müller
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The Eurco – An ECU in the making?
Journal of European Integration History, 2022The European Investment Bank (EIB) was the first financial institution to test the markets with bonds denominated in ‘Eurcos’, a basket of all European Community currencies, loosely based on Member Countries’ share of GNP, in September 1973 and January 1974.
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1999
The first nine years of the EMS, the period 1979–87, consisted of a series of currency crises forcing exchange rate realignments. They reflected fundamental differences in view and in interests regarding the sharing of the burden of adjustment between surplus and deficit countries, which resulted from different priorities in domestic policies. Earlier,
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The first nine years of the EMS, the period 1979–87, consisted of a series of currency crises forcing exchange rate realignments. They reflected fundamental differences in view and in interests regarding the sharing of the burden of adjustment between surplus and deficit countries, which resulted from different priorities in domestic policies. Earlier,
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Troubleshooting ECU Programmed by Bodybuilders
2012 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), 2012Having an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) which is programmable by external parties puts new requirements on troubleshooting. In this paper we describe how one could solve the problems of both troubleshooting additional equipment added by bodybuilders and facilitating their need to use signals from vehicles in an easy way in order to interact with their ...
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1996
The meeting opened with presentations by Graham Bishop of Salomon Brothers (and a member of the Maas Committee), Alan Kettley of the British Bankers Association, Malcolm Levitt, European Union adviser, Barclays Bank, and Owain Powell-Jones of Mondex (National Westminster Bank).
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The meeting opened with presentations by Graham Bishop of Salomon Brothers (and a member of the Maas Committee), Alan Kettley of the British Bankers Association, Malcolm Levitt, European Union adviser, Barclays Bank, and Owain Powell-Jones of Mondex (National Westminster Bank).
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Industrial Vehicle Technology International, 2018
EVOLUTION IN DESIGNING SAFETY-RELATED CONTROL APPLICATIONS FOR MOBILE MACHINERY
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EVOLUTION IN DESIGNING SAFETY-RELATED CONTROL APPLICATIONS FOR MOBILE MACHINERY
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