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Development and calibration of engine and transmission ECUs with the ETK ECU interface
ATZ worldwide, 2007The high standards in terms of engine performance, torque, engine responsiveness, drivability, fuel savings, and emissions met by today’s vehicles would not be attainable without the deployment of engine and transmission ECUs featuring a multitude of sophisticated functions.
Burkhard Triess +3 more
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From a Full Value ECU to a Constant ECU
1989Europe and the European ideal was — and still is — the dream of a generation, the generation of men and women who have twice witnessed the self-laceration of our continent during the first half of this century, with an interval of less than twenty-five years.
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1996
The meeting opened with presentations by Graham Bishop of Salomon Brothers (and a member of the Maas Committee), Alan Kettley of the British Bankers Association, Malcolm Levitt, European Union adviser, Barclays Bank, and Owain Powell-Jones of Mondex (National Westminster Bank).
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The meeting opened with presentations by Graham Bishop of Salomon Brothers (and a member of the Maas Committee), Alan Kettley of the British Bankers Association, Malcolm Levitt, European Union adviser, Barclays Bank, and Owain Powell-Jones of Mondex (National Westminster Bank).
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Troubleshooting ECU Programmed by Bodybuilders
2012 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), 2012Having an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) which is programmable by external parties puts new requirements on troubleshooting. In this paper we describe how one could solve the problems of both troubleshooting additional equipment added by bodybuilders and facilitating their need to use signals from vehicles in an easy way in order to interact with their ...
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1999
The first nine years of the EMS, the period 1979–87, consisted of a series of currency crises forcing exchange rate realignments. They reflected fundamental differences in view and in interests regarding the sharing of the burden of adjustment between surplus and deficit countries, which resulted from different priorities in domestic policies. Earlier,
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The first nine years of the EMS, the period 1979–87, consisted of a series of currency crises forcing exchange rate realignments. They reflected fundamental differences in view and in interests regarding the sharing of the burden of adjustment between surplus and deficit countries, which resulted from different priorities in domestic policies. Earlier,
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The ECU as international money
Journal of International Money and Finance, 1987Abstract The ECU is compared with alternative foreign currencies to determine how adequately it performs the various functions of international money. For the period April 1979 through December 1984 it is found that for most European economic agents the ECU was superior to the SDR, the US dollar, and a representative foreign currency (the Netherlands
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ECU interest rates and ECU basket adjustments: An arbitrage pricing approach
Journal of Banking & Finance, 1992Abstract This paper considers arbitrage pricing of bonds and the determination of interest rates in the European Currency Unit (ECU) in situations of impending ECU basket adjustments. These adjustments disrupt the markets for private ECU assets with a lead of several months.
Martin Klein, Sigrid M. Müller
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The ECU as an Investment Currency
1989If one starts by asking the question why there should be investments in the ECU, a perfectly good answer is to say ‘why not?’. People invest in coins and stamps, not to mention more exotic instruments such as old bottles and pottery. In some of those cases there is an element of trying to overcome the second law of thermodynamics by creating harmony ...
David F. Lomax, Herbert Christie
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The ECU: Facts and Prospects. Revue ECU/EURO, N°0 (1987)
2017This contribution written by André Louw in 1987 contains factual and technical information about the ECU that should be helpful to assess this unit's operational usefulness in the private markets. It also reviews the prospects for the private ECU's further development and its potential contribution to Europe's monetary integration.
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ATZelektronik worldwide, 2008
During functional tests a modern and flexible test system must control the I/O interfaces of the ECU. Test cases make different demands on the connection and the operation of sensors and actuators, as well as the signalling or errors and measurement of signals.
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During functional tests a modern and flexible test system must control the I/O interfaces of the ECU. Test cases make different demands on the connection and the operation of sensors and actuators, as well as the signalling or errors and measurement of signals.
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