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The effective atomic number of dosimetric gels
Australasian Physics & Engineering Sciences in Medicine, 2008 Radiological properties of gel dosimeters and phantom materials are often compared against each other and against water or tissue by consideration parameters including their effective atomic number, Zeff. Effective atomic numbers have been calculated for a range of ferrous-sulphate and polymeric gel dosimeters using mass attenuation coefficient data ...
Taylor, M +3 more
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X-ray energies for effective atomic number determination
Neuroradiology, 1976The measurement of the effective atomic number of a piece of material in vivo can be achieved using computed tomography. The precision of measurement of this parameter depends on the precision of measurement of the X-ray absorption coefficient at two energies and the separation of these energies.
R A Rutherford, B R Pullan, I Isherwood
exaly +3 more sources
Calculations of effective atomic number
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2007We will present and discuss effective atomic number (Zeff) obtained by different methods of calculations. There is no unique relation between computed values. This observation led us to the conclusion that any Zeff is valid only for given process. We will compare Zeff obtained by following methods: 1. Variational method (Slater), 2.
Kaliman, Zoran +2 more
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The effective atomic number of mix D
The British Journal of Radiology, 1979It is well known that mix D, which was introduced by Jones and Raine (1949), has been widely used as a phantom material for photons and electrons in radiotherapy. By adding fillers of magnesium oxide and tianium dioxide to wax, they made an improvement for mix D compared with wax alone in terms of mechanical properties and the attenuation ...
T, Hiraoka, K, Kawashima
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An Experimental Evaluation of the Atomic Number Effect
Advances in X-ray Analysis, 1973AbstractA method for measuring the atomic number effect is developed using a sandwich sample technique. The depth distributions of x-ray production, ϕ(ρz) curves, have been measured for a zinc tracer in aluminum, copper, silver and gold matrices at 30, 25, 20 and 15 keV. The ϕ(ρz) curves were measured using a Cambridge Microscan 5 in which the electron
L. Parobek, J. D. Brown
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The effective atomic number and the calculation of the composition of phantom materials
The British Journal of Radiology, 1969Abstract The formula for photoelectric absorption given by Walter (1926), used by Spiers (1946) for the calculation of an effective atomic number of a compound material, is adjusted to the values of the attenuation coefficients given by Grodstein (1957). The exponent of the atomic number has to be changed from 2·94 to 3·4 or higher.
J, Weber, D J, van den Berge
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Determination of atomic cross-sections and effective atomic numbers for some alloys
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2000Abstract The transmission of gamma-rays at the energies, 81, 356, 511, 662, 835, 1274 and 1332 keV has been studied on the alloys brass, bronze, steel, aluminum–silicon and lead–antimony. The mass absorption coefficients have been measured. The total interaction cross-sections and effective atomic numbers have been determined on the basis of mixture ...
A.H. El-Kateb +2 more
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Effective atomic numbers for materials of dosimetric interest
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 1997Abstract Effective atomic numbers ( Z eff ) for different materials of dosimetric interest have been calculated for total photon interaction in the energy region 1 keV–20 MeV. The calculations are made using the mass attenuation coefficients data from Tables of X-ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Mass Energy-absorption Coefficients 1 keV to ...
T.Kiran Kumar, K.Venkata Reddy
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Effective Atomic Number and Energy Absorption in Tissues
The British Journal of Radiology, 1946An X-ray absorption method, using Ross balanced filters, is applied to measure the effective atomic number of excised body tissues. The results are used to calculate linear absorption coefficients and the true energy absorption in ergs per rontgen for these tissues over a wide range of wavelength.
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Energy dependence of the effective atomic number of alloys
International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1991Abstract To investigate the variation of effective atomic number ( Z eff) of alloys with photon energy, the Z eff of eight different alloys (tungsten steel, monel metal, solder, bell metal, bronze aluminium, bronze ordinary, platinum-rhodium-I and platinum-rhodium-II) have been studied for the total and partial photon interaction processes over ...
Gurmel S. Mudahar +2 more
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