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Estrogen Receptor Action

Critical Reviews™ in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 2002
Today we have to consider the existence of two estrogen receptors, alpha and beta, in our attempts to understand the role of estrogen receptors in physiology and pathology, and to explain the pharmacology of estrogens, antiestrogens, and SERMs. Both ERalpha and ERbeta belong to the large family of nuclear receptors that function as hormone-dependent ...
Stefan, Nilsson, Jan-Ake, Gustafsson
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Estrogen receptor phosphorylation

Steroids, 2003
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is phosphorylated on multiple amino acid residues. For example, in response to estradiol binding, human ERalpha is predominately phosphorylated on Ser-118 and to a lesser extent on Ser-104 and Ser-106. In response to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, phosphorylation occurs on Ser-118 and Ser ...
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Estrogen Receptor Assay

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1977
To the Editor.— Kiang and Kennedy (238:59-60, 1977) have presented an interesting idea that may prove to be useful in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinomas of unknown primary site. Unfortunately, however, the evidence offered hardly appears to justify their claim that positive estrogen receptor assays can indicate that metastases arose from ...
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An update on estrogen receptors

Seminars in Perinatology, 2000
The discovery of a second estrogen receptor (ER), ERbeta, has led to a complete change in our views on estrogen action. The previous dogmatic view that ERalpha represented the only estrogen receptor led to a static and simplistic concept of mechanisms of estrogen action with conceptual limitations in the development of novel estrogenic and ...
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Estrogen Receptor Variants

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 1998
Estrogen receptor (ER)3 gene expression in breast epithelium is an intricately regulated event. The human ER gene is transcribed from at least three different promoters which are expressed in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, and result in mRNA isoforms with unique 5'-untranslated exons.
T A, Hopp, S A, Fuqua
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The histochemistry of estrogen receptors

Histochemistry, 1981
Estrogen receptors in frozen section of the rat uterus were demonstrated by a radiolabeled ligand binding technique. The bound hormone was extracted with ethanol and measured by liquid scintillation. The binding of 3H-estradiol-17 beta at various molar concentrations was inhibited by a 100-fold excess of DES, and the bound 3H-estradiol resisted ...
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The standardization of estrogen receptors

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993
Tumour estrogen receptor (ER) status may determine the medical treatment of a patient with breast cancer; yet inter-laboratory results can vary markedly, particularly when absolute cut-offs in fmol/mg cytosol protein are used. The use of standardized log units is proposed to permit greater inter-laboratory comparability.
Judy-Anne W. Chapman   +11 more
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The estrogen receptor family

Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1999
A significant flow of new data is currently being generated within the field of estrogen receptors and their mechanisms of action. This is primarily a result of the development of estrogen receptor knockout mice and the discovery of the second estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor beta.
M, Warner, S, Nilsson, J A, Gustafsson
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Estrogen Receptors

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1977
L E, Posey   +8 more
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