Results 71 to 80 of about 8,850 (191)

Astro2020 Science White Paper: Toward Finding Earth 2.0: Masses and Orbits of Small Planets with Extreme Radial Velocity Precision [PDF]

, 2019
Having discovered that Earth-sized planets are common, we are now embarking on a journey to determine if Earth-like planets are also common. Finding Earth-like planets is one of the most compelling endeavors of the 21st century - leading us toward ...
Bean, Jacob, Burt, Jennifer, Ciardi, David R., Dragomir, Diana, Gaidos, Eric, Johnson, Marshall C., Kempton, Eliza, Konopacky, Quinn, Meyer, Michael, Teske, Johanna, Weiss, Lauren, Zhou, George   +11 more
core   +1 more source

Community Voices on the Future of Radiation Belt Research: A Summary of the 2024 GEM Radiation Belt Focus Group Round‐Table Discussion

Earth and Space Science, Volume 12, Issue 12, December 2025.
Abstract Earth's radiation belts are the regions where highly energetic charged particles are trapped by Earth's magnetic field, posing significant risks to the satellites and other space‐based technologies. Understanding the dynamics of the radiation belts is critical not only for advancing fundamental plasma physics but also for predicting and ...
Hong Zhao, Lauren Blum, Aleksandr Ukhorskiy, Xiangrong Fu   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Fractal Aggregate Aerosols in the Virga Cloud Code. II. Exploring the Effects of Key Cloud Parameters in Warm Neptune, Hot Jupiter and Brown Dwarf Atmospheres

The Astrophysical Journal
Aerosols and clouds are expected to be ubiquitous in exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres, where they can have a significant impact on transmission and emission spectra.
Matt G. Lodge, Sarah E. Moran, Hannah R. Wakeford, Zoë M. Leinhardt, Mark S. Marley   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Imaging Cool Giant Planets in Reflected Light: Science Investigations and Synergy with Habitable Planets [PDF]

, 2019
Planned astronomical observatories of the 2020s will be capable of obtaining reflected light photometry and spectroscopy of cool extrasolar giant planets.
Arney, Giada, Bailey, Vanessa, Batalha, Natasha, Beichman, Charles, Benneke, Björn, Blecic, Jasmina, Cahoy, Kerri, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Dressing, Courtney, Fitzgerald, Michael, Fortney, Jonathan, Freedman, Richard, Gelino, Dawn, Gizis, John, Greene, Thomas, Guyon, Olivier, Hammel, Heidi, Hasegawa, Yasuhiro, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Konopacky, Quinn, Kopparapu, Ravi, Lewis, Nikole, Liu, Michael, Lopez, Eric, Lunine, Jonathan, Lupu, Roxana, Macintosh, Bruce, Mandt, Kathleen, Marley, Mark, Marois, Christian, Mawet, Dimitri, Mayorga, Laura, Morley, Caroline, Nielsen, Eric, Roberge, Aki, Serabyn, Eugene, Skemer, Andrew, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Visscher, Channon, Wang, Jason   +40 more
core   +1 more source

Radiation Transport Through the Martian Atmosphere as a Function of the Zenith Angle

Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Volume 130, Issue 12, December 2025.
Abstract The topographic influence of the radiation environment on the Martian surface radiation is crucial for future human exploration. Topographic maps help assess radiation flux variations, aiding in hazard evaluation. Creating a global radiation map requires accounting for seasonally varying atmospheric density, heliospheric modulation, and ...
Salman Khaksari, Phillip H. Phipps, Robert F. Wimmer‐Schweingruber, Timothy J. Stubbs, Mark D. Looper, Jingnan Guo, Gabin Charpentier, Bent Ehresmann, Jan Leo Löwe, Daniel Matthiä, Donald M. Hassler, Cary Zeitlin, Sven Löffler   +12 more
wiley   +1 more source

Constraining Atmospheric Composition from the Outflow: Helium Observations Reveal the Fundamental Properties of Two Planets Straddling the Radius Gap

The Astronomical Journal
TOI-836 is a ∼2–3 Gyr K dwarf with an inner super Earth ( R  = 1.7 R _⊕ , P = 3.8 days) and an outer mini-Neptune ( R  = 2.6 R _⊕ , P = 8.6 days). JWST/NIRSpec 2.8–5.2 μ m transmission spectra are flat for both planets.
Michael Zhang, Jacob L. Bean, David Wilson, Girish Duvvuri, Christian Schneider, Heather A. Knutson, Fei Dai, Karen A. Collins, Cristilyn N. Watkins, Richard P. Schwarz, Khalid Barkaoui, Avi Shporer, Keith Horne, Ramotholo Sefako, Felipe Murgas, Enric Palle   +15 more
doaj   +1 more source

Multiepoch Detections of the Extended Atmosphere and Transmission Spectra of KELT-9b with a 1.5 m Telescope

The Astronomical Journal, 2023
Irradiated Jovian atmospheres are complex and dynamic and can undergo temporal variations due to the close proximity of their parent stars. Of the Jovian planets that have been cataloged to date, KELT-9b is the hottest gas giant known, with an ...
Nataliea Lowson, George Zhou, Duncan J. Wright, Chelsea X. Huang, João M. Mendonça, Samuel H. C. Cabot, Christa Pudmenzky, Robert A. Wittenmyer, David W. Latham, Allyson Bieryla, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Perry Berlind, Michael L. Calkins   +12 more
doaj   +1 more source

Atmospheric Retrieval for Super-Earths: Uniquely Constraining the Atmospheric Composition with Transmission Spectroscopy

, 2011
We present a retrieval method based on Bayesian analysis to infer the atmospheric compositions and surface or cloud-top pressures from transmission spectra of exoplanets with general compositions.
Benneke, Bjoern, Seager, Sara
core   +1 more source

Evolution of Terrestrial Planetary Bodies and Implications for Habitability

Reviews of Geophysics, Volume 63, Issue 4, December 2025.
Abstract The terrestrial planetary bodies of our solar system—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—share a common origin through nebular accretion and early magma ocean differentiation, yet they diverged significantly in geological evolution, tectonic regimes, and habitability.
Peter A. Cawood, Eva E. Stüeken, Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Jacob A. Mulder   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

HST Transmission Spectra of the Hot Neptune HD 219666 b: Detection of Water and the Challenge of Constraining Both Water and Methane

The Astronomical Journal
Although Neptunian-sized (2–5 R _⊕ ) planets appear to be extremely common in the Galaxy, many mysteries remain about their overall nature. To date, only 11 Neptunian-sized planets have had their atmospheres spectroscopically characterized, and these ...
Matthew M. Murphy, Thomas G. Beatty, Luis Welbanks, Guangwei Fu   +3 more
doaj   +1 more source