A refinement to the formalin test in mice. [PDF]
F1000Res, 2019 The constant refinement of tests used in animal research is crucial for the scientific community. This is particularly true for the field of pain research, where ethical standards are notably sensitive.
Lopes DM +4 more
europepmc +7 more sources
The formalin test does not probe inflammatory pain but excitotoxicity in rodent skin. [PDF]
Physiol Rep, 2022 The most widely used formalin test to screen antinociceptive drug candidates is still apostrophized as targeting inflammatory pain, in spite of strong opposing evidence published.
Hoffmann T +12 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Formalin Itch Test: Low-Dose Formalin Induces Histamine-Independent, TRPA1-Mediated Itch in Mice [PDF]
Frontiers in Medicine, 2021 Chronic itch is a common distressing symptom of many diseases, which reduced patient's quality of life. The mechanistic study on itch and screening for new anti-itch drugs require the development of new pre-clinical itch animal models.
Xu Liu +10 more
doaj +3 more sources
The effects of alpha-pinene on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the formalin test
Brain Research Bulletin, 2023 Alpha-pinene (α- pinene), an essential oil that falls under the category of monoterpenes, has various advantages. This research delves into the potential benefits of α-pinene in alleviating nociception caused by the formalin test and the molecular ...
Kaveh Rahimi +5 more
doaj +2 more sources
Mechanism of Antinociceptive Effect of Vanillin in Formalin Test [PDF]
International Journal of Preventive MedicineBackgrounds: Vanillin is the active component of Vanillus planifolia seeds and is widely used as a flavoring agent in food and pharmaceutical industries. It has shown anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties.
Valiollah Hajhashemi +2 more
doaj +2 more sources
Differential Antinociceptive Efficacy of Peel Extracts and Lyophilized Juices of Three Varieties of Mexican Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in the Formalin Test [PDF]
Plants, 2022 Pharmacological treatment of pain often causes undesirable effects, so it is necessary to look for natural, safe, and effective alternatives to alleviate painful behavior.
José Antonio Guerrero-Solano +8 more
doaj +2 more sources
Involvement of Endogenous Opioid System in Swim Stress-Induced Pain Modulation During the Interphase of the Formalin Test [PDF]
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 2019 Introduction: Some evidence demonstrates endogenous inhibitory pathways of pain involved in the interphase (phase between early and later phase) of the formalin test.
Ali Reza Moslem +3 more
doaj +2 more sources
Synergistic analgesia of duloxetine and celecoxib in the mouse formalin test: a combination analysis. [PDF]
PLoS One, 2013 Duloxetine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, and celecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, are commonly used analgesics for persistent pain, however with moderate gastrointestinal side effects or analgesia tolerance.
Sun YH +8 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Analgesic effects of intrathecal curcumin in the rat formalin test. [PDF]
Korean J Pain, 2012 Background Curcumin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, and antinociceptive activity when administered systemically.
Han YK +5 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Antinociceptive effects of intraperitoneal and intrathecal vitamin e in the rat formalin test. [PDF]
Korean J Pain, 2012 Background Vitamin E is widely known to be one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and a drug that can easily be obtained, and it has been shown to attenuate the pain responses induced by various causes in animal pain models.
Kim MJ +4 more
europepmc +2 more sources