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VISA Classification for Graves Orbitopathy
Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 2006One of the challenges in Graves orbitopathy (GO) is how to classify and grade its various clinical manifestations. For example, the four patients shown in Figure 1 have severe complications of GO, but their cosmetic and functional deficits and associated treatment needs are quite different.
Peter J, Dolman, Jack, Rootman
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Orvosi hetilap, 2006
Graves' orbitopathy or thyroid associated orbitopathy is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease with autoimmune mechanism which is still incompletely understood. The epidemiologic data provided evidence that severe, infiltrative orbitopathy is present in 3-5% of patients, and the quality of life is impaired even in ...
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Graves' orbitopathy or thyroid associated orbitopathy is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease with autoimmune mechanism which is still incompletely understood. The epidemiologic data provided evidence that severe, infiltrative orbitopathy is present in 3-5% of patients, and the quality of life is impaired even in ...
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[Managing Graves' orbitopathy].
Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung, 2004Inflammatory orbitopathy is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease and is characterised by a lymphocyte infiltration into the peribulbar space. Interdisciplinary management is recommended for rapid diagnosis and effective therapy of patients with thyroid orbitopathy.
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Glucocorticoids in Graves’ orbitopathy: mechanisms of action and clinical application
Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020George J Kahaly
exaly