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Hate speech operationalization: a preliminary examination of hate speech indicators and their structure [PDF]
Complex & Intelligent Systems, 2021 Hate speech should be tackled and prosecuted based on how it is operationalized. However, the existing theoretical definitions of hate speech are not sufficiently fleshed out or easily operable.
Jana Papcunova +2 more
exaly +4 more sources
The rise of online hate speech has been fuelled in several countries by political polarisation and the growth of the alt-right movement. While this form of hate speech is not a criminal offence, it has serious psychological and social consequences for vulnerable target groups.
Paz Rebollo, María Antonia +1 more
core +14 more sources
Hate speech detection with ADHAR: a multi-dialectal hate speech corpus in Arabic
Frontiers in Artificial IntelligenceHate speech detection in Arabic poses a complex challenge due to the dialectal diversity across the Arab world. Most existing hate speech datasets for Arabic cover only one dialect or one hate speech category.
Anis Charfi +4 more
exaly +4 more sources
A Literature Review of Textual Hate Speech Detection Methods and Datasets
Information (Switzerland), 2022 Online toxic discourses could result in conflicts between groups or harm to online communities. Hate speech is complex and multifaceted harmful or offensive content targeting individuals or groups.
Xiaogang Ma, Ma Xiaogang
exaly +3 more sources
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2020 With the ongoing debate on 'freedom of speech' vs. 'hate speech,' there is an urgent need to carefully understand the consequences of the inevitable culmination of the two, i.e., 'freedom of hate speech' over time. An ideal scenario to understand this would be to observe the effects of hate speech in an (almost) unrestricted environment.
Binny Mathew +2 more
exaly +3 more sources
Predicting the victims of hate speech on microblogging platforms [PDF]
HeliyonHate speech constitutes a major problem on microblogging platforms, with automatic detection being a growing research area. Most existing works focus on analyzing the content of social media posts.
Sahrish Khan +6 more
doaj +2 more sources
Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents: A systematic review [PDF]
Campbell Systematic ReviewsBackground The difficulties in defining hate crime, hate incidents and hate speech, and in finding a common conceptual basis constitute a key barrier toward operationalisation in research, policy and programming. Definitions disagree about issues such as
Matteo Vergani, Ryan Scrivens
exaly +3 more sources
Hate speech in adolescents: A binational study on prevalence and demographic differences [PDF]
Frontiers in Education, 2023 Hate speech, or intentional derogatory expressions about people based on assigned group characteristics, has been studied primarily in online contexts. Less is known about the occurrence of this phenomenon in schools.
Melisa Castellanos +7 more
doaj +2 more sources
Hate speech (Hate Speech/Incivility)
DOCA - Database of Variables for Content Analysis, 2021 The variable hate speech is an indicator used to describe communication that expresses and/or promotes hatred towards others (Erjavec & Kova?i?, 2012; Rosenfeld, 2012; Ziegele, Koehler, & Weber, 2018). A second element is that hate speech is directed against others on the basis of their ethnic or national origin, religion, gender, disability ...
Esau, Katharina
openaire +4 more sources
, 2023 Hate speech has been extensively studied by disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, history, politics and law. Some significant areas of study have been the origins of hate speech in past and modern societies around the world; the way hate speech paves the way for harmful social movements; the socially destructive force of propaganda; and the
Guillén-Nieto, Victoria
core +7 more sources