Croat Med J, 2019 We previously depicted the essentials about several measures of association between variables when the outcome variable (or dependent variable) is binary: (absolute) risk and prevalence difference (simple differences in proportions), and three ratio ...
Trkulja V, Hrabač P.
europepmc +7 more sources
Odds ratio, hazard ratio and relative risk
Advances in Methodology and Statistics, 2021 Odds ratio (OR) is a statistic commonly encountered in professional or scientific medical literature. Most readers perceive it as relative risk (RR), although most of them do not know why that would be true.
Janez Stare, Delphine Maucort‐Boulch
semanticscholar +5 more sources
Rare Event Approximation Between Subdistribution Hazard Ratio and Cause-specific Hazard Ratio in Survival Analysis With Competing Risks [PDF]
Journal of EpidemiologyBackground: Despite the fact that competing risks are inevitable in epidemiological and clinical studies, distinctions between the hazard ratio estimated by handling competing risks as censoring and the subditribution hazard ratio are often overlooked ...
Shiro Tanaka
doaj +3 more sources
Limitations of the incidence density ratio as approximation of the hazard ratio [PDF]
Trials, 2019 Background Incidence density ratios (IDRs) are frequently used to account for varying follow-up times when comparing the risks of adverse events in two treatment groups.
Ralf Bender, Lars Beckmann
doaj +6 more sources
Hazard Ratio and Hazard Index as Preliminary Estimators Associated to the Presence of Furans and Alkylfurans in Belgian Foodstuffs [PDF]
Foods, 2022 This paper provides an estimation of the hazard related to the presence of furan and five alkyl furans (2- and 3-methylfuran, 2-ethylfuran, 2,5- and 2,3-dimethylfuran) in foodstuffs available in the Belgian market.
Zouheir Alsafra +4 more
doaj +4 more sources
Cardiovascular disease burden from ambient air pollution in Europe reassessed using novel hazard ratio functions. [PDF]
Eur Heart J, 2019 Aims Ambient air pollution is a major health risk, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. A recent Global Exposure Mortality Model, based on an unmatched number of cohort studies in many countries, provides new hazard ratio functions ...
Lelieveld J +6 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Causal interpretation of the hazard ratio in randomized clinical trials. [PDF]
Clin TrialsBackground: Although the hazard ratio has no straightforward causal interpretation, clinical trialists commonly use it as a measure of treatment effect. Methods: We review the definition and examples of causal estimands.
Fay MP, Li F.
europepmc +2 more sources
How Do the Accrual Pattern and Follow-Up Duration Affect the Hazard Ratio Estimate When the Proportional Hazards Assumption Is Violated? [PDF]
Oncologist, 2019 In randomized clinical trials, the magnitude of the treatment effect is often reported using the hazard ratio (HR) even when the proportional hazards (PH) assumption is not met.
Horiguchi M, Hassett MJ, Uno H.
europepmc +2 more sources
The median hazard ratio: a useful measure of variance and general contextual effects in multilevel survival analysis. [PDF]
Stat Med, 2017 Multilevel data occurs frequently in many research areas like health services research and epidemiology. A suitable way to analyze such data is through the use of multilevel regression models (MLRM). MLRM incorporate cluster‐specific random effects which
Austin PC, Wagner P, Merlo J.
europepmc +2 more sources
smoothHR: an R package for pointwise nonparametric estimation of hazard ratio curves of continuous predictors. [PDF]
Comput Math Methods Med, 2013 The Cox proportional hazards regression model has become the traditional choice for modeling survival data in medical studies. To introduce flexibility into the Cox model, several smoothing methods may be applied, and approaches based on splines are the ...
Meira-Machado L +3 more
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