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History of the Quinuas in South America
2021Quinua (Chenpopodium quinoa Willd) is an Andean food grain domesticated manly in the highlands of the central part of the Andes in South America by the quechua and aimara people since at least 3,000 years. The geographical distribution of the crop covers territories from south of Colombia to north of Argentina and central part of Chile.
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Glacial history of Southernmost South America
Quaternary Research, 1976In southernmost South America, an incomplete radiometrically dated glacial chronology has been obtained by K–Ar dating for the interval 3.5-1 MY ago, and a more detailed chronology by C-14 dating for the last 25,000 years, with some older minimal ages. The first major glaciation was about 3.5 MY ago during the middle Pliocene. Little is yet known about
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A History of Anesthesia in South America
2014Before the discovery of anesthesia, clergy and shamans used opium, herbal extracts, and alcohol to diminish surgical pain. Infection and mortality were great. By 1847, ether anesthesia was used in Peru, Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela, and in 1848, in Chile. By 1850, chloroform displaced ether. Surgeons gave or directed anesthetic delivery by
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