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Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in neurotuberculosis
BMJ Case Reports, 2021Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common infection in developing countries and India contributes the maximum number of cases to the global burden. Primary healthcare physicians across the country face major challenges in diagnosis and treatment of childhood TB.
Seema Pavaman Sindgikar +3 more
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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
2021This chapter examines how treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in a decreased HIV viral load for the majority of patients with HIV disease. It talks about the early stages of immune recovery on ART, in which a subset of patients may experience clinical deterioration due to the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
Suzaan Marais, Graeme Meintjes
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CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
2018Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) describes a syndrome of aberrant reconstituted immunity, often in association with HIV infection, beginning with a normalization of CD4+ T-cell counts resulting in a dysregulated immune response against an infecting opportunistic pathogen and the host.
Lauren, Bowen +2 more
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Association of nephrotic syndrome with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Pediatric Nephrology, 2011Up to 50% of patients with severe immune deficiency experience an excessive inflammatory response called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). IRIS has been observed after various opportunistic infections with pathogens such as mycobacteria, including Bacille Calmette-Guérin ...
Lankisch, Petra +5 more
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Pulmonary manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 2011Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common occurrence in HIV patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), and pulmonary involvement is an important feature of tuberculosis-IRIS and pneumocystis-IRIS. Pulmonologists need an awareness of the timing, presentation and treatment of pulmonary IRIS.Case definitions for tuberculosis-IRIS
Gregory, Calligaro +2 more
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Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome and Tropical Dermatoses
Dermatologic Clinics, 2011The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic has disproportionately affected tropical regions of the world, where dermatoses, such as leprosy and leishmaniasis, rarely encountered in temperate climates, are endemic. Although the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been lifesaving, a few patients undergoing HAART ...
Erin Huiras, Amerson, Toby A, Maurer
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Management of patients with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 2009A significant proportion of patients present with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART). This syndrome is most frequently associated with infective causes. The lack of evidence-based treatment guidelines poses challenges in the management of these patients.
Suzaan, Marais +3 more
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Cryptococcal Chorioretinitis with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2009Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory syndrome in the context of immune restoration directed at a specific infectious antigen despite resolution of infection, often associated with opportunistic infections. IRIS has been reported in 30% to 35% of HIV patients who have cryptococcosis in whom antiretroviral therapy was ...
Julia, Shulman +5 more
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Cutaneous manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2008The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has altered the pattern of dermatologic disease among HIV-infected patients. While the majority benefit substantially from highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced immune recovery, a subset of patients experience unmasking of new skin disease or paradoxical worsening of existing ...
Erin, Huiras +3 more
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The Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Clinical Update
Current Infectious Disease Reports, 2012The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a well-described phenomenon in HIV-infected patients following initiation of antiretroviral therapy and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in some patients. Risk for IRIS is enhanced in those with low CD4 counts and preexisting opportunistic infections.
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