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Indirect effects of long-term care insurance: does it affect the hospital expenditures of ineligible disabled individuals [PDF]
Frontiers in Public HealthIntroductionThe literature on the impacts of long-term care insurance (LTCI) on medical expenses has primarily focused on beneficiaries or all older adults, leaving theoretical analysis and the effects of LTCI on the ineligible group unexplored.
Yanling Yi, Jing Xin, Junxia Liu
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European Journal of Entomology, 2022 Non-native species pose a threat to native organisms. When non-native and native species are closely related, the former can often competitively exclude the latter. Many studies have focused on competitive exclusion of native insect species by non-native
Misaki TSUJII +3 more
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The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific, 2021 Background: Within Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, risk factors for pneumonia are concentrated among children living in informal settlements comprised of temporary shelters (gers). We used pneumococcal carriage surveillance among children from formal and informal
Jocelyn Chan +17 more
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Cleaner Fish Labroides dimidiatus Presence Does Not Indirectly Affect Demersal Zooplankton
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022 Coral reef mutualisms involve complex trophic ecological relationships that produce indirect effects. Excluding mutualistic cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus from reefs indirectly increases the abundance of many fishes and reduces demersal stages of ...
Alexandra S. Grutter +5 more
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THE EFFECT OF RADIATION ON HEMOPOIESIS. IS THERE AN INDIRECT EFFECT? [PDF]
Blood, 1948 Abstract 1. The general aim of the investigations here reported has been to obtain evidence for or against "indirect" radiation effects. 2. To this end, twenty-six successful cross circulation experiments (carotid to carotid anastomoses) have been performed between normal cats and radiated cats. 3.
J S, LAWRENCE +2 more
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Direct and Indirect Effects [PDF]
, 2022 The direct effect of one eventon another can be defined and measured byholding constant all intermediate variables between the two.Indirect effects present conceptual andpractical difficulties (in nonlinear models), because they cannot be isolated by holding certain variablesconstant. This paper shows a way of defining any path-specific effectthat does
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The Indirect Effects of Auditing Taxpayers [PDF]
Public Finance Review, 2012 Empirical studies suggest that the effects of tax audits are not only in terms of recovered unpaid tax (direct effect) but there are also indirect effects in terms of future better compliance that tend to outweigh the direct effect. However, current policy decisions on the allocation of investigation resources across different groups of taxpayers ...
Ratto, Marisa +2 more
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Ecosphere, 2021 Anthropogenically influenced habitats are becoming increasingly impacted by multiple invasive species that can regionally control main ecological processes and functions.
K. Liversage +4 more
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Characteristics of the indirect McCollough effect [PDF]
Perception & Psychophysics, 1991 Induction of contingent color aftereffects with a single chromatic grid sometimes results in an illusory color on a grid different from the one presented during induction. Such illusory color, contingently elicited by a noninduced grid, has been termed the indirect McCollough effect (indirect ME). We show that the indirect ME occurs only when the color
L G, Allan, S, Siegel
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Indirect effects of ant predation (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus
European Journal of Entomology, 2005 Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the dominant plants of the Fennoscandian boreal coniferous forest and constitutes a major food source for many insect herbivores.
Ola ATLEGRIM
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