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The influence of direct and indirect speech on mental representations. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2013 Language can be viewed as a set of cues that modulate the comprehender's thought processes. It is a very subtle instrument. For example, the literature suggests that people perceive direct speech (e.g., Joanne said: 'I went out for dinner last night') as
Anita Eerland +2 more
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Mental Simulations of Phonological Representations Are Causally Linked to Silent Reading of Direct Versus Indirect Speech [PDF]
Journal of Cognition, 2021 Embodied theories propose that language is understood via mental simulations of sensory states related to perception and action. Given that direct speech (e.g., 'She says, “It’s a lovely day!”') is perceived to be more vivid than indirect speech (e.g ...
Bo Yao
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The Influence of Direct and Indirect Speech on Source Memory [PDF]
Collabra: Psychology, 2018 People perceive the same situation described in direct speech (e.g., John said, “I like the food at this restaurant”) as more vivid and perceptually engaging than described in indirect speech (e.g., John said that he likes the food at the restaurant). So,
Anita Eerland, Rolf A. Zwaan
doaj +8 more sources
The use of direct and indirect speech across psychological distance. [PDF]
Mem Cognit, 2022 The current study investigated how psychological distance affects people’s preference for direct and indirect speech in a narrative task. In three experiments, participants were instructed to first watch a video and then retell what happened in the video
Li J, Dijkstra K, Zwaan RA.
europepmc +2 more sources
Individual Differences in Indirect Speech Act Processing Found Outside the Language Network. [PDF]
Neurobiol Lang (Camb), 2022 Face-to-face communication requires skills that go beyond core language abilities. In dialogue, we routinely make inferences beyond the literal meaning of utterances and distinguish between different speech acts based on, e.g., contextual cues.
Bendtz K +5 more
europepmc +2 more sources
O discurso indireto no alemão: um estudo quantitativo do uso dos modos [PDF]
Pandaemonium Germanicum: Revista de Estudos Germanísticos, 2009 This paper presents a quantitative study of the use of the Konjunktiv and Indikativ moods in German indirect speech. By analyzing a corpus of 400 news articles of online publications, it describes the factors that influence the choice of indirect speech ...
Andressa Costa
doaj +6 more sources
Journal of English Education and Teaching, 2018 This Research Entitled “An Analysis Of Direct And Indirect Speech Acts Performed By Main Character In The Movie Revenant Script”. This research was a descriptive analysis that discusses direct and indirect speech acts in movie script entitled ‘The ...
Fyngky Oktadistio +2 more
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Children with Autism Understand Indirect Speech Acts: Evidence from a Semi-Structured Act-Out Task. [PDF]
PLoS One, 2015 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder are often said to present a global pragmatic impairment. However, there is some observational evidence that context-based comprehension of indirect requests may be preserved in autism.
Kissine M +8 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Students’ Ability at Changing Direct into Indirect Speech and Indirect into Direct Speech [PDF]
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences, 2019 Reported speech is one of difficult topics in learning English grammar, especially in changing the form from direct into indirect or reverse. Descriptive quantitative was used to find out the students’ ability in changing direct into indirect speech and reverse. There were five sentences that were changed by the students for two kinds of test.
Muhammad Dalimunte, Maryati Salmiah
openaire +2 more sources
The logic of indirect speech. [PDF]
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2008 When people speak, they often insinuate their intent indirectly rather than stating it as a bald proposition. Examples include sexual come-ons, veiled threats, polite requests, and concealed bribes. We propose a three-part theory of indirect speech, based on the idea that human communication involves a mixture of cooperation and conflict.
Pinker S, Nowak MA, Lee JJ.
europepmc +4 more sources