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Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype: Resurgent Interspecies and Intercontinental Transmission, and a New Host [PDF]

Pathogens
It has been more than 25 years since the avian influenza A virus (IAV) H5N1 subtype emerged in humans in 1997. Since then, this virus has become endemic in poultry and wild birds and has been causing sporadic infections in humans.
Matloob Husain
doaj   +4 more sources

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) isolated from a natural protected area in Peru. [PDF]

Microbiol Resour Announc
ABSTRACT The panzootic caused by H5N1 avian influenza viruses is a high concern for wild birds’ conservation and the study of spillover events into mammals. The near coding-complete genome of H5N1 clade 2.3.3.4b sequencing in the Miseq Illumina platform was performed from a bird located in Pantanos of Villa National ...
Landazabal-Castillo S, Suarez-Agüero D, Alva-Alvarez L, Mamani-Zapana E, Mayta-Huatuco E.   +4 more
europepmc   +4 more sources

A single dose of DNA vaccine based on conserved H5N1 subtype proteins provides protection against lethal H5N1 challenge in mice pre-exposed to H1N1 influenza virus [PDF]

Virology Journal, 2010
Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 infects humans with a high fatality rate and has pandemic potential. Vaccination is the preferred approach for prevention of H5N1 infection.
Chang Haiyan, Huang Chaoyang, Wu Jian, Fang Fang, Zhang Wenjie, Wang Fuyan, Chen Ze   +6 more
doaj   +2 more sources

Longitudinal Surveillance of Influenza A Virus Exposure in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Spain (2015-2023): Serologic and Virologic Evidence of Subtype Infections and H5N1 Spillover Risk. [PDF]

Zoonoses Public Health
ABSTRACT Introduction Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are responsible for respiratory infections in a wide range of species, including birds, swine and humans. The role of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in IAV epidemiology remains underexplored. Here, we present a longitudinal serologic and virologic surveillance study of wild boars in Spain from 2015 to 2023 ...
Encinas P, Nogales A, Escribano-Romero E, Del Burgo MÁM, López-Olvera JR, Granados JE, Mentaberre G, García-Sastre A, Del Real G.   +8 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Avian influenza overview December 2025–February 2026 [PDF]

EFSA J
Abstract Between 29 November 2025 and 27 February 2026, 2514 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (406) and wild (2108) birds in 32 countries in Europe. Albeit still at high levels after the peak was reached at the beginning of the current reporting period, the weekly number of detections has since ...
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza (EURL), Cyril Barbezange, Hubert Buczkowski, Mariette Ducatez, Alice Fusaro, Jose L. Gonzales, Thijs Kuiken, Gražina Mirinavičiūtė, Karl Ståhl, Christoph Staubach, Olov Svartström, Calogero Terregino, Katriina Willgert, Evelyn Alarcón, Lisa Kohnle   +16 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Evolution of H5N1 Cross-Species Transmission: Adaptive Mutations Driving Avian-to-Human Infection. [PDF]

Adv Genet (Hoboken)
This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underpinning H5N1's host adaptation, focusing on key mutations in viral proteins. Critical mutations are discussed in detail, highlighting their roles in altering receptor specificity, promoting antiviral resistance, and expanding viral tropism. The review underscores the urgent need
Man W, Du L, Liu Y, Pang Z, Zhu H, Hong B, Xu Z, Fan H.   +7 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Detection of Two High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) Subtypes, H5N1 and H5N5, in a Mass Mortality Event in Wild Seabirds and Co-Location With Dead Seals. [PDF]

Transbound Emerg Dis
Falchieri M, Bentley E, Coombes HA, Mollett BC, Terrey J, Holland S, Stubbings E, Mcginn N, Cooper J, Ahmad S, Lewis J, Clifton B, Collinson N, Aegerter J, Venkatesh D, Russell DJF, James J, Reid SM, Banyard AC.   +18 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Insight into highly conserved H1 subtype-specific epitopes in influenza virus hemagglutinin [PDF]

, 2014
Influenza viruses continuously undergo antigenic changes with gradual accumulation of mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) that is a major determinant in subtype specificity.
Cho, Ki Joon, Hong, Kwang W, Kim, Kyung Hyun, Kim, Se-Ho, Kim, Sella, Lee, Ji-Hye, Saelens, Xavier, Seok, Jong Hyeon   +7 more
core   +13 more sources

Serological survey for avian influenza virus infection of backyard poultry and poultry workers in Baghdad and Basrah provinces, Iraq [PDF]

Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2020
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 among backyard birds and poultry workers. The study included backyard birds (chickens and ducks) in rural areas of Baghdad and Basrah provinces, Iraq. Rural
S. Jaber, H. T. Thwiny
doaj   +1 more source

A recombinant vaccine of H5N1 HA1 fused with foldon and human IgG Fc induced complete cross-clade protection against divergent H5N1 viruses. [PDF]

PLoS ONE, 2011
Development of effective vaccines to prevent influenza, particularly highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus (IAV) subtype H5N1, is a challenging goal.
Lanying Du, Virtual Ho-Chuen Leung, Xiujuan Zhang, Jie Zhou, Min Chen, Wu He, Hai-Ying Zhang, Chris C S Chan, Vincent Kwok-Man Poon, Guangyu Zhao, Shihui Sun, Lifeng Cai, Yusen Zhou, Bo-Jian Zheng, Shibo Jiang   +14 more
doaj   +1 more source