Results 101 to 110 of about 178,120 (295)

Association between Gut Microbiota and Biological Aging: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Microorganisms
Recent observational studies revealed an association between gut microbiota and aging, but whether gut microbiota are causally associated with the aging process remains unknown.
Chenglin Ye, Zhiqiang Li, Chun Ye, Li Yuan, Kailang Wu, Chengliang Zhu   +5 more
doaj   +1 more source

Predicting the Direction of Causal Effect Based on an Instrumental Variable Analysis: A Cautionary Tale

Journal of Causal Inference, 2016
An instrumental variable can be used to test the causal null hypothesis that an exposure has no causal effect on the outcome, by assessing the association between the instrumental variable and the outcome.
Burgess Stephen, Small Dylan S.
doaj   +1 more source

Keratin 19 as a prognostic marker and contributing factor of metastasis and chemoresistance in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
Keratin 19 (KRT19) is overexpressed in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer with high levels of Kallikrein‐related peptidases (KLK) 4–7 and is associated with poor survival. In vivo analyses demonstrate that elevated KRT19 increases peritoneal tumour burden.
Sophia Bielesch, Isabel Vogel, Sina Nokodian, Johanna Moeller, Antonia Blechschmidt, Vicky Hecht, Vanessa Kuentzel, Katharina Thiedig, Melissa Schwab, Oliver Schilling, Holger Bronger, Marion Kiechle, Viktor Magdolen, Tobias Dreyer   +13 more
wiley   +1 more source

Dual PI3K/AKT and CDK4/6 inhibition reveals selective sensitivity in an SHH medulloblastoma stem cell model

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
Targeted therapy was evaluated in SHH medulloblastoma using neuroepithelial stem cell (NES) and tumor‐derived NES‐like (tNES) models in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. PI3K, AKT, and CDK4/6 inhibitors had minimal effects in NES but markedly reduced viability and growth and induced apoptosis in tNES cells, revealing distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Monika Lukoseviciute, Madeleine Birgersson, Paolo Ceriani, Margareta Wilhelm, Ourania N Kostopoulou   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Improved Inference for the Instrumental Variable Estimator [PDF]

It is now well known that standard asymptotic inference techniques for instrumental variable estimation perform very poorly in the presence of weak instruments.
Richard Startz, Eric Zivot, Charles Nelson   +2 more
core  

Establishment of a humanized patient‐derived xenograft mouse model of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer for preclinical evaluation of combination immunotherapy

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
We have established a humanized orthotopic patient‐derived xenograft (Hu‐oPDX) mouse model of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) that recapitulates human tumor–immune interactions. Using combined anti‐PD‐L1/anti‐CD73 immunotherapy, we demonstrate the model's improved biological relevance and enhanced translational value for preclinical ...
Luka Tandaric, Line Bjørge, Martine Rott Lode, Cecilie Fredvik Torkildsen, Pia Aehnlich, Rammah Elnour, Daniela Elena Costea, Lars Andreas Akslen, Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen, Emmet McCormack, Katrin Kleinmanns   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

A review of instrumental variables estimation in the applied health sciences [PDF]

Health scientists often use observational data to estimate treatment effects when controlled experiments are not feasible. A limitation of observational research is non-random selection of subjects into different treatments, potentially leading to ...
Paul Grootendorst
core  

Evaluation and validation of social and psychological markers in randomised trials of complex interventions in mental health: a methodological research programme

Health Technology Assessment, 2015
Background: The development of the capability and capacity to evaluate the outcomes of trials of complex interventions is a key priority of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the Medical Research Council (MRC).
Graham Dunn, Richard Emsley, Hanhua Liu, Sabine Landau, Jonathan Green, Ian White, Andrew Pickles   +6 more
doaj   +1 more source

Hippo pathway at the crossroads of stemness and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer

Molecular Oncology, EarlyView.
Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway drives nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ, activating stemness‐related transcriptional programs that sustain breast cancer stemness and fuel therapeutic resistance across subtypes, underscoring Hippo signaling as a targetable vulnerability. Figure created and edited with BioRender.com.
Giulia Schiavoni, Antonella Palmese, Stefano Scalera, Laura Cipriani, Davide Mascolo, Patrizia Vici, Teresa Arcuri, Lorena Filomeno, Eriseld Krasniqi, Giovanni Blandino, Giulia Bon, Marcello Maugeri‐Saccà   +11 more
wiley   +1 more source

Instrumental variables estimation with flexible distribution [PDF]

Instrumental variables are often associated with low estimator precision. This paper explores efficiency gains which might be achievable using moment conditions which are nonlinear in the disturbances and are based on flexible parametric families for ...
Christian Hansen, Whitney Newey, James B. McDonald   +2 more
core