Results 151 to 160 of about 111,642 (257)

Benchmarking GNNs Using Lightning Network Data

open access: yes
The Bitcoin Lightning Network is a layer 2 protocol designed to facilitate fast and inexpensive Bitcoin transactions. It operates by establishing channels between users, where Bitcoin is locked and transactions are conducted off-chain until the channels are closed, with only the initial and final transactions recorded on the blockchain.
Feichtinger, Rainer   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Detecting Thunderstorm‐Related High‐Energy Phenomena in Weak Signals

open access: yesJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Volume 131, Issue 8, 28 April 2026.
Abstract Gamma‐ray glows (GRGs) are high‐energy events associated with thunderstorms, characterized by an enhancement of the high‐energy background radiation lasting from a few seconds to several minutes. They are typically detected near their sources by balloons, aircraft, mountain‐based observatories, or at sea level in regions where thunderstorms ...
Y. Hazem   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

A Two‐Dimensional Deep Learning Scheme With One Predicator Only to Parametrize Global Lightning

open access: yesGeophysical Research Letters, Volume 53, Issue 7, 16 April 2026.
Abstract Lightning simulation has long posed significant challenges. This study presents a novel two‐dimensional artificial intelligence‐based global lightning scheme that uses a single predictor, convective available potential energy (CAPE). The new scheme significantly improves global lightning simulation performance, achieving a determination ...
Ming Yin   +10 more
wiley   +1 more source

Could Narrow Bipolar Events Serve as a Distinct Lightning Proxy for Revealing Overshooting Thunderclouds Development?

open access: yesGeophysical Research Letters, Volume 53, Issue 7, 16 April 2026.
Abstract Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are often generated in overshooting thunderclouds (OT) penetrating the stratosphere. However, how and under what conditions OT produces such discharges remains unclear. With 3‐year lightning observations and simultaneous cloud top brightness temperature measurements over South China, we developed a more accurate OT
Baojun Wu   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

The Kinematic and Microphysical Control of Lightning Rate, Extent and NOX Production [PDF]

open access: yes
The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment seeks to quantify the relationship between storm physics, lightning characteristics and the production of nitrogen oxides via lightning (LNOx).
Bain, A. Lamont   +4 more
core   +1 more source

Further Research on the Electrification of Pyrocumulus Clouds [PDF]

open access: yes
Past research on pyrocumulus electrification has demonstrated that a variety of lightning types can occur, including cloudtoground (CG) flashes, sometimes of dominant positive polarity, as well as small intracloud (IC) discharges in the upper levels of ...
Bateman, Monte   +4 more
core   +1 more source

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