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Annual Review of Physiology, 2017
Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and the normal tissue environment.
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Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and the normal tissue environment.
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Macrophage Polarization and Osteoporosis: A Review [PDF]
Nutrients, 2020 Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss.
Bahram Arjmandi, Amy P Mullins
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Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment [PDF]
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021 The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic ...
Sherine Elsawa +2 more
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Macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis
Clinica Chimica Acta, 2020Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. An in-depth study of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is critical for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The development of atherosclerosis involves many cells, such as endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells ...
Lushan Liu, Zhong Ren, Zhihan Tang
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Implications of macrophage polarization in autoimmunity [PDF]
Immunology, 2018 SummaryMacrophages are extremely heterogeneous and plastic cells with an important role not only in physiological conditions, but also during inflammation (both for initiation and resolution). In the early 1990s, two different phenotypes of macrophages were described: one of them called classically activated (or inflammatory) macrophages (M1) and the ...
Mariana Rios, Alexis Kalergis
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Macrophage activation and polarization
Frontiers in Bioscience, 2008Macrophages are widely distributed immune system cells that play an indispensable role in homeostasis and defense. They can be phenotypically polarized by the microenvironment to mount specific functional programs. Polarized macrophages can be broadly classified in two main groups: classically activated macrophages (or M1), whose prototypical ...
Martinez FO +3 more
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Macrophage polarization in pathology
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2015Macrophages are cells of the innate immunity constituting the mononuclear phagocyte system and endowed with remarkable different roles essential for defense mechanisms, development of tissues, and homeostasis. They derive from hematopoietic precursors and since the early steps of fetal life populate peripheral tissues, a process continuing throughout ...
SICA, Antonio +3 more
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Serine metabolism in macrophage polarization
Inflammation Research, 2023Emerging studies have revealed that macrophages possess different dependences on the uptake, synthesis, and metabolism of serine for their activation and functionalization, necessitating our insight into how serine availability and utilization impact macrophage activation and inflammatory responses.This article summarizes the reports published ...
Xinqiong, Huang +3 more
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Polarized Activation of Macrophages
2014Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes which play important roles in many aspects of immunity, tissue repair and metabolism. Plasticity is a key feature of these cells and consists in the capability to modulate their phenotypic and functional aspects under distinct stimuli derived from the microenvironment. A number of transcription factors, epigenetic
Galdiero, M. R. +2 more
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Macrophage polarization and bacterial infections
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 2011Macrophages are the first line of defense against pathogens, and the mode of their activation will determine the success or failure of the host response to pathogen aggression. Based on limited numbers of markers, activated macrophages can be classified as classically activated (M1) macrophages that support microbicidal activity or alternatively ...
Jean-Louis, Mège +2 more
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