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Retina and melanopsin neurons

2021
Melanopsin retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) are the third class of retinal photoreceptors with unique anatomical, electrophysiological, and biological features. There are different mRGC subtypes with differential projections to the brain. These cells contribute to many nonimage-forming functions of the eye, the most relevant being the photoentrainment of
Chiara La Morgia   +2 more
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Melanopsin Vision

2022
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are the most recently discovered photoreceptor class in the human retina. This Element integrates new knowledge and perspectives from visual neuroscience, psychology, sleep science and architecture to discuss how melanopsin-mediated ipRGC functions can be measured and their circuits ...
Daniel S. Joyce   +4 more
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Melanopsin modulates refractive development and myopia

Experimental Eye Research, 2022
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common form of refractive abnormality and is characterized by excessive ocular elongation in relation to ocular power. Retinal neurotransmitter signaling, including dopamine, is implicated in myopic ocular growth, but the visual pathways that initiate and sustain myopia remain unclear.
Ranjay Chakraborty   +8 more
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Photochemical Properties of Mammalian Melanopsin

Biochemistry, 2012
Melanopsin is the photoreceptor molecule of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which serve as the input for various nonvisual behavior and physiological functions fundamental to organisms. The retina, therefore, possess a melanopsin-based nonvisual system in addition to the visual system based on the classical visual photoreceptor ...
Take, Matsuyama   +3 more
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Melanopsin and inner retinal photoreception

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2009
Over the last ten years there has been growing acceptance that retinal photoreception among mammals extends beyond rods and cones to include a small number of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). These ipRGCs are capable of responding to light in the absence of rod/cone input thanks to expression of an opsin photopigment called
Bailes, Helena J., Lucas, Robert J.
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Optimizing methods to isolate melanopsin-directed responses

Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2021
The intrinsic melanopsin photoresponse may initiate visual signals that differ in spatiotemporal characteristics from the cone-opsin- and rhodopsin-mediated signals. Applying the CIE standard observer functions in silent-substitution methods can require individual differences in photoreceptor spectral sensitivities and pre-receptoral filtering to be ...
Samir Uprety   +4 more
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Melanopsin and non-melanopsin expressing retinal ganglion cells innervate the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus

Visual Neuroscience, 2003
Retinal input to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes the SCN circadian oscillator to the external day/night cycle. Retinal ganglion cells that innervate the SCNviathe retinohypothalamic tract are intrinsically light sensitive and express melanopsin.
Patricia J, Sollars   +5 more
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Regulation of Melanopsin Expression

Chronobiology International, 2006
Circadian rhythms in mammals are adjusted daily to the environmental day/night cycle by photic input via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of the RHT constitute a separate light-detecting system in the mammalian retina used for irradiance detection and for transmission to the circadian system and other non-imaging ...
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