Results 211 to 220 of about 914,178 (235)

Assessment of the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of gallic acid in mice

Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2001
Gallic acid is a naturally occurring plant phenol obtained by the hydrolysis of tannins and is known to show some pharmacological activities. The purpose of this paper is to establish the safety of gallic acid in mice. In this study, acute administration of gallic acid even at a dose as high as 5 g/kg body weight did not produce any signs of toxicity ...
K, Rajalakshmi, H, Devaraj, S, Niranjali Devaraj   +2 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Statistical issues on the determination of the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect levels in toxicology

Environmetrics, 2001
AbstractThe determination of a safe exposure level for toxic agents, often defined as the highest dose level with no toxic effect and termed the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) is reviewed. The conventional methods based on statistical tests are criticized, particularly when the sample size is small, and an alternative method, which is based ...
Takashi Yanagawa, Yasuki Kikuchi
openaire   +1 more source

Incidence of developmental defects at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1992
Bioassay data from Teratology, Vol. 1 (1968) through Vol. 40 (1990), were utilized which were sufficient to establish no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL's) for 120 experiments on 93 developmental toxicants in animals. The observed incidence (risk) at the NOAEL was calculated as the proportion of affected fetuses minus the proportion affected in ...
openaire   +2 more sources

Evaluation of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level of Solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Drosophila melanogaster

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2003
Dimethyl sulfoxide, a solvent commonly used in toxicological studies, was investigated for its cytotoxic potential and its effect on development and reproductive performance in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg 9. Various concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%) of the solvent were mixed with food and fed to the flies ...
Aamir, Nazir, Indranil, Mukhopadhyay, D K, Saxena, D Kar, Chowdhuri   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

In Silico Models for Repeated-Dose Toxicity (RDT): Prediction of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) for Drugs

2016
The preclinical stage in drug development requires the determination of repeated-dose toxicity (RDT) in animal models. The main outcome of RDT studies is the determination of the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL). NOAEL is important since it serves to calculate the maximum recommended starting
Fabiola, Pizzo, Emilio, Benfenati
openaire   +2 more sources

Confirmation of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect and low-observed-adverse-effect level for copper in bottled drinking water in a multi-site international study

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2003
In a double blind, 3x3 factorial (volumexdose) study, 70 adult females (18-60 years of age) at four different international sites (total pooled n=269) were given 100, 150, or 200ml of bottled drinking water with 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2mg of copper (Cu) as the sulfate salt once each week.
Araya, Magdalena, Chen, Bingheng, Klevay, Leslie M., Strain, J. J., Johnson, Luann, Robson, Paula, Shi, Wei, Nielsen, Forrest, Zhu, Huigang, Olivares Grohnert, Manuel, Pizarro Aguirre, Fernando, Haber, Lynne T.   +11 more
openaire   +4 more sources

The no-observed-adverse-effect-level in drug safety evaluations: Use, issues, and definition(s)

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2005
The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) is an important part of the non-clinical risk assessment. It is a professional opinion based on the design of the study, indication of the drug, expected pharmacology, and spectrum of off-target effects. There is no consistent standard definition of NOAEL. This is based, in part, on the varied definitions of
Michael A, Dorato, Jeffery A, Engelhardt
openaire   +2 more sources

No-observed-adverse-effect level of hair pyrrole adducts in chronic n-hexane intoxication in rats

NeuroToxicology, 2020
n-Hexane has been reported to induce serious peripheral neuropathy in workers. Pyrrole adducts are the unique reaction products of n-hexane in organisms and have been demonstrated to be critical to n-hexane neuropathy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that pyrrole adducts could accumulate in hair and showed high correlation with neuropathy at the
Xianjie Li, Lulu Jiang, Ting Yu, Ming Li, Qiong Wang, Zhidan Liu, Keqin Xie   +6 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Predictability and prediction of lowest observed adverse effect levels in a structurally heterogeneous set of chemicals

SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 2005
A database of chronic lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) for 234 compounds, previously compiled from different sources (Toxicology Letters79, 131-143 (1995)), was modelled using graph theoretical descriptors. This study reveals that data are not homogeneous. Only those data originating from the U.S.
J V, de Julián-Ortiz, R, García-Domenech, J, Gálvez, L, Pogliani   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Developmental toxicity of carbendazim: comparison of no-observed-adverse-effect level and benchmark dose approach

Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1998
The benchmark dose (BD) approach has been applied to foetal data from four gavage segment II studies (rat studies 1 and 2, rabbit study, hamster study) on the teratogenic benzimidazole carbendazim. Nineteen parameters were assessed using the log-normal model as a practical tool to derive BDs; good model fitting was observed for all except two ...
A, Mantovani, F, Maranghi, C, Ricciardi, C, Macrì, A V, Stazi, L, Attias, G A, Zapponi   +6 more
openaire   +2 more sources