Results 41 to 50 of about 32,404 (241)

Influence of an Argon/Silane Atmosphere on the Temperature of a Thermal Plasma

Advanced Engineering Materials, EarlyView.
The influence of a silane‐doped argon atmosphere on the chemical composition and temperature of a thermal nontransferring argon plasma is investigated using optical emission spectroscopy. As a result of the high amount of free electrons resulting from the stepwise ionization and dissociation of the silane molecule, even a silane addition of 0.01 vol ...
Lena Kreie, David Kramer, Thomas Scheithauer, Hans Jürgen Maier, Thomas Hassel   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Nanothermometry in Living Cells: Physical Limits, Conceptual and Material Challenges

Advanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.
Heat and temperature are fundamental to life. When nanothermometers began probing regions as small as a living cell, they triggered controversial claims of large intracellular temperature gradients. We review physical constraints energy‐conservation, entropy production, thermodynamic fluctuations, and molecular dynamics.
Taras Plakhotnik
wiley   +1 more source

Laser Engineering of HfN‐Based Nanoparticles for Safe NIR‐I Photothermal and X‐ray Enhancing Cancer Therapies

Advanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.
In this study, we produced HfN‐based nanoparticles via femtosecond laser ablation in acetone. The nanoparticles exhibit a red‐shifted plasmonic resonance in the NIR‐I window, colloidal stability after coating with polyethyleneglycol, and excellent biocompatibility. The photothermal and X‐ray sensitization therapeutic effects were demonstrated for tumor
Julia S. Babkova, Ivan V. Zelepukin, Lyubov V. Gorelik, Anton L. Popov, Andrei I. Pastukhov, Gleb V. Tikhonowski, Maxim S. Savinov, Danil D. Kolmanovich, Nikita A. Pivovarov, Alina Yu. Kapitannikova, Anton A. Popov, Anna S. Sogomonyan, Vsevolod A. Skribitsky, Aziz B. Mirkasymov, Andrei V. Kabashin, Sergey M. Deyev   +15 more
wiley   +1 more source

Mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach to the dynamics of polymers

, 2001
We present a general formalism able to derive the kinetic equations of polymer dynamics. It is based on the application of nonequilibrium thermodynamics to analyze the irreversible processes taking place in the conformational space of the macromolecules.
A. Pérez-Madrid, Bonet Avalos, Bonet Avalos, de Gennes, de Groot, Freed, J.M. Rubı́, Mazur, Pagonabarraga, Pérez-Madrid, Reguera, Rubı́, Rubı́, Rubı́, Santamara-Holek, Zhang   +15 more
core   +1 more source

Symmetries and nonequilibrium thermodynamics [PDF]

Physical Review E, 2017
Thermodynamic systems can be defined as composed by many identical interacting subsystems. Here it is shown how the dynamics of relaxation toward equilibrium of a thermodynamic system is closely related to the symmetry group of the Hamiltonian of the subsystems of which it is composed.
openaire   +2 more sources

Gravity and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Classical Matter

, 2010
Renewed interest in deriving gravity (more precisely, the Einstein equations) from thermodynamics considerations [1, 2] is stirred up by a recent proposal that 'gravity is an entropic force' [3] (see also [4]). Even though I find the arguments justifying
Antonov V. A., B. L. HU, Gross D. H. E., Hemming S., Horowitz G. T., Hu B. L., Hu B. L., Lebowitz J. L., Lynden-Bell D., Misner C., Penrose R., Taylor E. F., Volovik G. E., Wen X.-G., Wheeler J. A.   +14 more
core   +1 more source

Taming the Immiscibility of Gold, Iron, and Boron to Craft Chemodegradable Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging and Radiotherapy

Advanced Healthcare Materials, EarlyView.
Over half of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy. Laser ablation enabled the synthesis of immiscible Au‐Fe‐B nanoparticles designed as degradable bimodal radiosensitizers for X‐ray radiotherapy (XRT), boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), and bimodal imaging for X‐ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These nanosensitizers
Michael Bissoli, Clara M.G. de Faria, Veronica Torresan, Maria Assunta Lacavalla, Mattia Cattelan, Denis Badocco, Paolo Pastore, Pasquina Marzola, Laura Cansolino, Cinzia Ferrari, Ian Postuma, Riccardo Vago, Silva Bortolussi, Antonello E. Spinelli, Daniel Forrer, Vincenzo Amendola   +15 more
wiley   +1 more source

Jarzynski equality for the transitions between nonequilibrium steady states

, 1999
Jarzynski equality [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 56}, 5018 (1997)] is found to be valid with slight modefication for the transitions between nonequilibrium stationary states, as well as the one between equilibrium states. Also numerical results confirm its validity.
C. Jarzynski, C. Jarzynski, D. Jou, E. H. Lieb, G. E. Crooks, G. Gallavotti, G. Gallavotti, K. Sekimoto, K. Sekimoto, S. Sasa, Takahiro Hatano, Y. Oono   +11 more
core   +1 more source

Science‐Towards‐Technology Breakthrough in CO2 Electroreduction: Multiphysics, Multiscale, and Artificial Intelligence Insights

Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
Electrochemical CO2RR is a key technology for converting CO2 into chemicals, but there remains a gap between “laboratory science” and “engineering practice” in current research. This review establishes a multi‐scale research framework, encompassing atomic‐level characterization, microenvironment regulation, external field‐assisted optimization, and AI ...
Ping Hong, Changfan Xu, Huaping Zhao, Yong Lei   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Irreversible Thermodynamics of the Universe: Constraints from Planck Data

Advances in High Energy Physics, 2014
The present work deals with irreversible universal thermodynamics. The homogenous and isotropic flat model of the universe is chosen as open thermodynamical system and nonequilibrium thermodynamics comes into picture.
Subhajit Saha, Atreyee Biswas, Subenoy Chakraborty   +2 more
doaj   +1 more source