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Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1998
Observational studies are important methodologies to evaluate exposures and risk factors that are not amenable to experimental trials. They offer the advantage of being more generalizable to our patients, as these studies may have more liberal inclusion criteria than the typical randomized trial. Their disadvantage is their susceptibility to biases and
J F, Peipert, M G, Phipps
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Observational studies are important methodologies to evaluate exposures and risk factors that are not amenable to experimental trials. They offer the advantage of being more generalizable to our patients, as these studies may have more liberal inclusion criteria than the typical randomized trial. Their disadvantage is their susceptibility to biases and
J F, Peipert, M G, Phipps
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2007
Much can be learned about a process by observing changes over time or by comparing two different processes under different conditions. This chapter introduces the major types of observational study designs: the longitudinal or cohort study, the comparative or case-control study, and some of their variants.
Raymond G, Hoffmann, Hyun Ja, Lim
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Much can be learned about a process by observing changes over time or by comparing two different processes under different conditions. This chapter introduces the major types of observational study designs: the longitudinal or cohort study, the comparative or case-control study, and some of their variants.
Raymond G, Hoffmann, Hyun Ja, Lim
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The American Journal of Nursing, 1954
aides and attendants on our staff. All are between the ages of 17 and 45, the average being 18 years. They have been graduated from high school or have comparable education or experience. Many of our attendants are young men who are attending junior college and who work four to six hours daily during the school week and sometimes eight hours on ...
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aides and attendants on our staff. All are between the ages of 17 and 45, the average being 18 years. They have been graduated from high school or have comparable education or experience. Many of our attendants are young men who are attending junior college and who work four to six hours daily during the school week and sometimes eight hours on ...
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BMJ, 2012
Researchers investigated whether pioglitazone was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes.1 Use of pioglitazone, an oral antidiabetic agent in the thiazolidinedione class, is controversial.2 The researchers used the general practice research database to extract data from individual patients’ primary care ...
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Researchers investigated whether pioglitazone was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in people with type 2 diabetes.1 Use of pioglitazone, an oral antidiabetic agent in the thiazolidinedione class, is controversial.2 The researchers used the general practice research database to extract data from individual patients’ primary care ...
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Understanding observational studies
Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, 2016The development of evidence-based medicine has encouraged clinicians to consider the best available evidence when making clinical decisions, individualised for the patient.1,2 A hierarchy of levels of evidence about therapy is described, with the highest being meta-analyses and large, well-designed randomised controlled trials.3-5 Lower down the ...
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Coherence in Observational Studies
Biometrics, 1994It is often said that the coherence of an association between a treatment and outcomes is important in judging whether the association is causal. An attempt is made to quantify the evidence provided by a coherent association. This is done in two steps. First, a test is developed to detect a coherent association.
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2018
This chapter on observational studies provides an understanding of the main concepts in epidemiology, introduces common study designs, such as cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies, and outlines their importance for clinical research. The hallmark of epidemiological research is that it observes unexposed and exposed individuals under “real ...
Minou Djannatian +3 more
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This chapter on observational studies provides an understanding of the main concepts in epidemiology, introduces common study designs, such as cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies, and outlines their importance for clinical research. The hallmark of epidemiological research is that it observes unexposed and exposed individuals under “real ...
Minou Djannatian +3 more
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