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A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Protonitazene: Pharmacological Characteristics, Detection Techniques, and Toxicology. [PDF]
Verbeek J, Brinkman DJ.
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Homeostatic scaling of dynorphin signaling by a non-canonical opioid receptor. [PDF]
Li X+10 more
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Cannabis Use in Opioid Maintenance Therapy: Prevalence, Clinical Correlates and Reasons for Use. [PDF]
Backmund M+3 more
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An Advanced Practice Nurse's Contributions to the Care of Opioid-Dependent Patients in an Acute Somatic Hospital: A Qualitative Study. [PDF]
Schneider K+3 more
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Surgical Neurology, 2007
Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid peptides) are known. The standard exogenous opioid analgesic is morphine. Opioid agonists can activate central and peripheral opioid receptors. Three classes of opioid receptors (
C, Zöllner, C, Stein
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Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid peptides) are known. The standard exogenous opioid analgesic is morphine. Opioid agonists can activate central and peripheral opioid receptors. Three classes of opioid receptors (
C, Zöllner, C, Stein
openaire +4 more sources
Opioid mechanisms and opioid drugs
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 2008Abstract The opioid system comprises four receptor subtypes: μ (MOP), κ (KOP), δ (DOP) (i.e. the so-called ‘classical' opioid receptors) and the more recently identified nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (N/OFQ) receptor (NOP). Selective endogenous peptides, typically cleaved from larger precursor proteins, have been identified for all subtypes.
McDonald, J, Lambert, DG
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Opioid and non-opioid analgesics
Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 2003Opioids are the most potent analgesics. Toxicity results either from effects mediated by variation in affinity and intrinsic efficacy at specific opioid receptors or, rarely, from a direct toxic effect of the drugs. For some adverse effects, opioids exhibit a 'dual pharmacology' whereby these effects are usually observed only in pain-free individuals ...
Gail Gillespie+2 more
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