Results 21 to 30 of about 366 (147)
Are endocasts reliable proxies for brains? A 3D quantitative comparison of the extant human brain and endocast. [PDF]
J Anat, 2021 Is the endocast a reliable proxy for reconstructing the brain of fossil specimens? By quantitatively comparing extant human brains and endocasts using MRIs and CT‐scans, here we address this fundamental question and support the significance of fossil endocasts in paleoneurological studies.
Dumoncel J +8 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Pachycephalosaur paleoneurology (Archosauria: Ornithischia)
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1989 ABSTRACT Pachycephalosaur endocranial casts display a distinctive suite of traits that include large divergent olfactory bulbs, large olfactory nerves, short thick olfactory tracts, a moderately expanded cerebrum not separated from optic lobes and cerebellum dorsally, steep cranial flexure, and reduced pontine flexure.
Emily B. Giffin
openaire +2 more sources
Recent Advances in Paleoneurology
, 1964 Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the work being done in paleoneurology recently ascertained in organisms ranging from a crossopterygian fish of some 390 million years ago, Porolepis , to a mammal contemporary Hippopotamus. Paleoneurology cannot agree with the concept, perpetuated in the neontological literature, that increasingly ...
Tilly Edinger
openaire +2 more sources
Introduction: Paleoneurology, Resurgent!
, 2014 Much has happened in the study of paleoneurology since the turn of the 20th Century involving increasing sophistication of digital methods which permit a variety of statistical and imaging techniques that are replacing the older methods of studying endocasts, which have relied upon plaster/latex rubber copies of fossil materials and mostly qualitative ...
Ralph Holloway
openaire +2 more sources
Ontogenetic Changes in Endocranial Anatomy in Gorgosaurus libratus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) Provide Insight Into the Evolution of the Tyrannosauroid Endocranium. [PDF]
J Comp NeurolChanges through growth (ontogenetic) in the braincase of the eutyrannosaurian tyrannosauroid Gorgosaurus libratus are discussed. Most notably, brain cavity endocasts of immature Gorgosaurus are found to more clearly show details of the brain morphology than more mature individuals, a finding that has implications for improving dinosaur paleoneurology ...
Voris JT +4 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Comparative Sulcal Morphology of the Late Miocene Fossil Ape, Rudapithecus hungaricus. [PDF]
Am J Biol AnthropolABSTRACT Objectives Endocasts of fossil hominoids are exceedingly rare. The only fossil ape endocast analyzed in detail is that of Ekembo nyanzae (KNM‐RU 7290), from the early Miocene of Kenya. Two partial crania of Rudapithecus hungaricus, from the late Miocene of Hungary, preserve sufficient details to reconstruct large amounts of endocranial ...
Assance GA, Silcox MT, Begun DR.
europepmc +2 more sources
Early synapsids neurosensory diversity revealed by CT and synchrotron scanning. [PDF]
Anat Rec (Hoboken)Abstract Non‐mammaliaform synapsids (NMS) represent the closest relatives of today's mammals among the early amniotes. Exploring their brain and nervous system is key to understanding how mammals evolved. Here, using CT and Synchrotron scanning, we document for the first time three extreme cases of neurosensory and behavioral adaptations that probe ...
Benoit J +6 more
europepmc +2 more sources
Hemispheric asymmetries, paleoneurology, and the evolution of the human genus
Brain asymmetries are a distinctive feature of Homo sapiens and are associated with key evolutionary functions including language and handedness. Nonetheless, differences between humans and apes could be just a matter of degree and size and not the expression of unique traits of our species.
Bruner, Emiliano
openaire +4 more sources
Human paleoneurology: Shaping cortical evolution in fossil hominids
Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2019 AbstractEvolutionary neuroanatomy must integrate two different sources of information, namely from fossil and from living species. Fossils supply information concerning the process of evolution, whereas living species supply information on the product of evolution.
Emiliano Bruner
openaire +3 more sources
Postnatal interaction of size and shape in the human endocranium and brain structures. [PDF]
J AnatAncestral egg‐laying Sceloporus had dorsoventrally tall female pelvises. Two of three live‐bearing clades evolved larger bodies and flatter, wider pelvises, likely reflecting relaxed allometric limits and selection for crypsis or thermoregulation in terrestrial habitats.
Takagi K, Kondo O.
europepmc +2 more sources