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Phytotoxins: Environmental Micropollutants of Concern?
Environmental Science & Technology, 2014Natural toxins such as mycotoxins or phytotoxins (bioactive compounds from fungi and plants, respectively) have been widely studied in food and feed, where they are stated to out-compete synthetic chemicals in their overall human and animal toxicological risk. A similar perception and awareness is yet largely missing for environmental safety.
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Phytotoxins as potential herbicides
Experientia, 1991Phytotoxins are produced in various culture media by many fungi that are pathogenic to weeds. These phytotoxins belong to a wide array of chemical substances including sesquiterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, diketopiperazines, peptides, spirocyclic lactams, isocoumarins, and polyketides.
G. Strobel +4 more
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Phytotoxins as molecular signals
1997It is customary to include under the name of phytotoxins those microbial metabolites that, with the exclusion of enzymes, damage plants at low concentrations. Many plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi produce phytotoxins in culture, but the potential role of these metabolites in pathogenesis has been seldom demonstrated.
P. Aducci, A. Ballio, M. Marra
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Phytotoxins from the fungus Malbranchea aurantiaca
Phytochemistry, 2005Bioassay-directed fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract from cultures of the fungus Malbranchea aurantiaca led to the isolation of two phytotoxic compounds, namely, 1-hydroxy-2-oxoeremophil-1(10),7(11),8(9)-trien-12(8)-olide (1) and penicillic acid (2).
Sergio, Martínez-Luis +3 more
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1998
Publisher Summary The techniques used in this chapter are widely applicable to all bacterial phytotoxins, most intensively used to study toxins produced by Pseudomonus syringae. The phytotoxins produced by plant pathogenic bacteria are non-host specific and cause symptoms on many plants that cannot be infected by the toxin producing pathogen ...
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Publisher Summary The techniques used in this chapter are widely applicable to all bacterial phytotoxins, most intensively used to study toxins produced by Pseudomonus syringae. The phytotoxins produced by plant pathogenic bacteria are non-host specific and cause symptoms on many plants that cannot be infected by the toxin producing pathogen ...
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Fungal phytotoxins as mediators of virulence
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2009Many phytopathogenic fungi exert their destructive effects by producing and secreting toxic low molecular weight compounds. In the past years a large number of novel fungal virulence factors and their modes of action have been identified. This review highlights effective phytotoxin-mediated strategies to distress, weaken or kill the plant host.
Nadine, Möbius, Christian, Hertweck
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Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis
2001The idea that metabolites produced by pathogens could be detrimental to plants originated from the experiments of de Bary when he succeeded in reproducing soft-rot symptoms by applying a sterile extract from rotten carrots to healthy tissues in 1886. The concept was advanced by Gaumann when he stated that “microorganisms arc pathogenic only if they are
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Possible Applications of Phytotoxins
1989Usually, when we begin to study a phytotoxin we are primarily interested in determining what its role is in plant disease production. However, once the structure and how it acts have been elucidated or even before, we frequently find that the toxin has utility in other areas, generally because of its unusual specificity — they are in a sense “silver ...
R. D. Durbin, A. Graniti
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Phytotoxins produced byTubakia dryina
Mycopathologia, 1992Tubakia dryina, the causal agent of red oak (Quercus rubra) leaf spot, produced the phytotoxins isosclerone, 3-hydroxyisosclerone, 6-hydroxyisosclerone and 6-hydroxymellein in liquid culture. All toxins caused large necrosis when placed on leaves of red oak. Necrosis was also caused on white oak and eight different weed species.
P. Venkatasubbaiah, W. S. Chilton
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More chemistry of the thaxtomin phytotoxins
Phytochemistry, 2003Chemical and biochemical studies indicated the possible involvement of N-acetyltryptophan and 4-nitrotryptophan as intermediates in biosynthesis of the thaxtomin phytotoxins. A search for other potential pathways indirectly resulted in the identification of three unusual thaxtomin analogues derived from the o-thaxtomin A isomer.
Russell R, King +3 more
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