Results 41 to 50 of about 114,155 (256)
The health economic potential of harnessing placebos in treatment of ADHD
European Psychiatry, 2021 Introduction Placebo research investigated the underlying mechanisms of placebo effects, but they are rarely used to optimize treatments. Ethical and legal concerns have been raised, but research demonstrated that placebo mechanisms can be used without
J. Hamberger +3 more
doaj +1 more source
Generalizing the intention-to-treat effect of an active control against placebo from historical placebo-controlled trials to an active-controlled trial: A case study of the efficacy of daily oral TDF/FTC in the HPTN 084 study [PDF]
arXiv, 2023 In many clinical settings, an active-controlled trial design (e.g., a non-inferiority or superiority design) is often used to compare an experimental medicine to an active control (e.g., an FDA-approved, standard therapy). One prominent example is a recent phase 3 efficacy trial, HIV Prevention Trials Network Study 084 (HPTN 084), comparing long-acting
arxiv
Statistical significance revisited [PDF]
, 2021 Statistical significance measures the reliability of a result obtained from a random experiment. We investigate the number of repetitions needed for a statistical result to have a certain significance. In the first step, we consider binomially distributed variables in the example of medication testing with fixed placebo efficacy, asking how many ...
arxiv +1 more source
Are treatments more effective than placebos? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS ONE, 2013 BackgroundPlacebos are widely used in clinical practice in spite of ethical restrictions. Whether such use is justified depends in part on the relative benefit of placebos compared to 'active' treatments. A direct test for differences between placebo and
Jeremy Howick +8 more
doaj +1 more source
Frontiers in Medicine, 2021 Introduction: Open-label placebos have been proposed as way of using long recognized analgesic placebo effects in an ethical manner. Recent evidence shows efficacy of open-label placebos for clinical conditions, but there is need for more research on ...
Dilan Sezer +10 more
doaj +1 more source
Wakening Past Concepts without Past Data: Class-Incremental Learning from Online Placebos [PDF]
arXiv, 2023 Not forgetting old class knowledge is a key challenge for class-incremental learning (CIL) when the model continuously adapts to new classes. A common technique to address this is knowledge distillation (KD), which penalizes prediction inconsistencies between old and new models.
arxiv
BMC Medicine, 2023 Background Overtreatment poses a challenge to healthcare systems due to harmful consequences of avoidable side-effects and costs. This study presents the first account for examining the feasibility of placebo use for reducing overtreatment in primary ...
E. M. Krockow +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Strengthening the ethical assessment of placebo-controlled surgical trials : three proposals [PDF]
, 2014 Peer reviewedPublisher ...
Campbell, Marion K +3 more
core +1 more source
A dose-effect network meta-analysis model: an application in antidepressants [PDF]
, 2021 Network meta-analysis (NMA) has been used to answer a range of clinical questions about the preferable intervention for a given condition. Although the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological agents depend on the dose administered, NMA applications typically ignore the role that drugs dosage play on the results.
arxiv +1 more source