Results 41 to 50 of about 116,751 (358)
Generalizing the intention-to-treat effect of an active control against placebo from historical placebo-controlled trials to an active-controlled trial: A case study of the efficacy of daily oral TDF/FTC in the HPTN 084 study [PDF]
arXiv, 2023 In many clinical settings, an active-controlled trial design (e.g., a non-inferiority or superiority design) is often used to compare an experimental medicine to an active control (e.g., an FDA-approved, standard therapy). One prominent example is a recent phase 3 efficacy trial, HIV Prevention Trials Network Study 084 (HPTN 084), comparing long-acting
arxiv
Are treatments more effective than placebos? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLoS ONE, 2013 BackgroundPlacebos are widely used in clinical practice in spite of ethical restrictions. Whether such use is justified depends in part on the relative benefit of placebos compared to 'active' treatments. A direct test for differences between placebo and
Jeremy Howick +8 more
doaj +1 more source
BMC Medicine, 2023 Background Overtreatment poses a challenge to healthcare systems due to harmful consequences of avoidable side-effects and costs. This study presents the first account for examining the feasibility of placebo use for reducing overtreatment in primary ...
E. M. Krockow +4 more
doaj +1 more source
Frontiers in Medicine, 2021 Introduction: Open-label placebos have been proposed as way of using long recognized analgesic placebo effects in an ethical manner. Recent evidence shows efficacy of open-label placebos for clinical conditions, but there is need for more research on ...
Dilan Sezer +10 more
doaj +1 more source
Wakening Past Concepts without Past Data: Class-Incremental Learning from Online Placebos [PDF]
arXiv, 2023 Not forgetting old class knowledge is a key challenge for class-incremental learning (CIL) when the model continuously adapts to new classes. A common technique to address this is knowledge distillation (KD), which penalizes prediction inconsistencies between old and new models.
arxiv
Statistical significance revisited [PDF]
, 2021 Statistical significance measures the reliability of a result obtained from a random experiment. We investigate the number of repetitions needed for a statistical result to have a certain significance. In the first step, we consider binomially distributed variables in the example of medication testing with fixed placebo efficacy, asking how many ...
arxiv +1 more source
Should desperate volunteers be included in randomised controlled trials? [PDF]
, 2005 Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) sometimes recruit participants who are desperate to receive the experimental treatment. Some claim this practice is unethical for at least three reasons. The first is that the notion of equipoise, which is often used
Allmark, P. J., Mason, S.
core +2 more sources
Scientific Reports, 2022 Placebos are known to yield significant effects in many conditions. We examined deceptive and open-label placebo effects on guilt, which is important for self-regulation and a symptom of mental disorders.
Dilan Sezer, Cosima Locher, Jens Gaab
doaj +1 more source
How does observational learning produce placebo effects? : a model integrating research findings [PDF]
, 2018 There is a growing body of evidence proving that observational learning, in addition to classical conditioning and verbal suggestions, may induce both placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia.
Bajcar, Elżbieta, Bąbel, Przemysław
core +2 more sources
Unethical aspects of homeopathic dentistry [PDF]
, 2010 In the last year there has been a great deal of public debate about homeopathy, the system of alternative medicine whose main principles are that like cures like and that potency increases relative to dilution.
A O'Dowd +8 more
core +1 more source