Impact of the New Approach to Article 102 TFEU on the Enforcement of the Polish Prohibition of Dominant Position Abuse [PDF]
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies, 2010 This paper will analyze the impact of the modernized approach to Article 102 TFEU on the application of the prohibition of dominant position abuse contained in Polish competition law. For that purpose, several questions will be answered. Has the consumer-
Konrad Kohutek
doaj
Plain-Language Approach in Legislative Drafting: A Perspective from Poland
Comparative Legilinguistics, 2018 The purpose of this research is to explore plain-language postulates reflecting on legal drafting assumptions since legal acts should be precise, clear and express with no doubts the intention of the legislator.
Zych Natalia
doaj +1 more source
Review of European and Comparative Law, 2021 This commentary evaluates the problem in assessing the role of a causal connection between damage and the use of a defective medical product, specifically a vaccine.
Agata Wnukiewicz-Kozłowska +1 more
doaj +1 more source
Advanced Engineering Materials, EarlyView.Do not let thermal drift and instrument artifacts deceive high‐temperature nanoindentation results. We compare classical Oliver–Pharr and automatic image recognition analyses across steels and a Ni alloy to quantify these effects. Accounting for artifacts reveals systematic softening with temperature, while Cr and Ni additions boost resistance ...
Velislava Yonkova +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Advanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.A three‐dimensional magnetic field sensor is realized in chiral W/CoFeB/MgO multilayers, where spin–orbit torques reversibly reconfigure homochiral stripe domains. The symmetry of the torque enables offset‐free in‐plane sensing, while the reproducible domain reconfiguration extends the linear out‐of‐plane range. An anomalous Hall readout delivers large‐
Sabri Koraltan +16 more
wiley +1 more source
"Constitutionalisation" of consumer rights in European and Polish law [PDF]
, 2010 Protection of consumer rights must be considered as a new legal phenomenon. Although – as one of the EU Consumer Affairs Commissioner once said – the need for consumer protection is amongst the oldest of all: in the field of contract is as old as the ...
Jagielski, Mariusz, Jagielska, Monika
core
Consumer protection by the ECJ in unit-linked group contracts : on transparency, liability and nullity under the UCPD [PDF]
, 2023 This case note addresses the ECJ's drafting of essential information to be given to a consumer in the event of a unit-linked group contract. This information enables consumers to make an informed decision.
Vereecken, JasperRE210001006409348020021486852C9827F6-F0EE-11E1-A9DE-61C894A0A6B4
core
Intersection between the activities of two regulators – shall prior actions taken by the National Telecoms Regulator exclude the ability to intervene by the Competition Authority?Case comments to the judgment of the Supreme Court of 17 March 2010 –Telekomunikacja Polska S.A. (Ref. No. III SK 41/09) [PDF]
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies, 2011 The commented judgment of the Polish Supreme Court concerns Telekomunikacja Polska S.A. (hereafter, TPSA) and the fines imposed upon the incumbent operator by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (in Polish: Urząd Ochrony ...
Szymon Syp
doaj
Leniency Program as an Innovative Legal Tool for Fighting Cartels within The European Union
Managerial Economics, 2012 The article focuses on discussing the substance of the institution of leniency which is used against cartel agreements. The study was carried out with regard to the provisions of EU law and Polish law.
Agnieszka Barcik, Piotr Dziwiński
doaj +1 more source
Historical Foundation and Practical Guideline for Ferroelectric Switching Kinetic Studies
Advanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.The P and U pulses in the conventional PUND measurements are not identical because of the interplay between switching current and the measurement circuit components. This circuit effect can lead to a shift in polarization transients and misinterpreted physics in the switching kinetics.
Yi Liang, Pat Kezer, John T. Heron
wiley +1 more source